Plantas medicinales en farmacia comunitaria: de la validación farmacológica al DNA-Barcoding

A lo largo de los años, numerosos hechos han puesto en manifiesto el papel esencial de las plantas medicinales para la salud humana como fuente molecular con potencial terapéutico y base para la obtención de nuevos medicamentos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) establece que la terapéutica basada en plantas medicinales es una parte importante y con frecuencia subestimada de la atención al paciente. Las plantas medicinales fueron declaradas como “fuente inagotable de nuevos fármacos” en el año 1978 por la OMS. En la actualidad, millones de personas en el mundo consumen plantas medicinales con fines terapéuticos; debido a ello, la OMS ha diseñado la denominada Estrategia 2014/2023 cuyo fin es reforzar el papel dela medicina tradicional, resaltando la importancia de promover e incluir el uso de plantas medicinales en los sistemas de salud de los países miembros..

EVALUACIÓN DE LA EFICACIA DE LA ATENCIÓN FARMACÉUTICA EN PACIENTES CON DERMATITIS ATÓPICA

RESUMEN Introducción: La dermatitis atópica es una enfermedad inflamatoria y crónica de la piel que afecta en gran medida a la calidad de vida de los pacientes de la padecen. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la atención farmacéutica en pacientes con dermatitis atópica diagnosticada, valorando su impacto sobre la sintomatología y la adherencia al tratamiento. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental longitudinal prospectivo en 50 pacientes con dermatitis atópica no controlada, llevando a cabo una actuación farmacéutica individualizada basada en tres estrategias: educación sanitaria, seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, e intervención sobre el cuidado dermocosmético. Se evaluó la sintomatología y la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico de cada paciente, y su evolución tras la intervención. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante el test estadístico de McNemar, confirmando que el 79,17% de los pacientes graves y el 92,30% de los casos moderados mejoraron significativamente tras la intervención. El valor obtenido del estadístico (Z=3,49) indicó que las variables intervención farmacéutica y mejora del paciente no eran independientes, siendo la primera la causa de la segunda. Al inicio del estudio, el 42% de los pacientes eran incumplidores, mientras que al final del mismo sólo el 23,81% lo eran. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que la atención farmacéutica, y más concretamente el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, son herramientas útiles y necesarias para reducir la sintomatología y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con dermatitis atópica. PALABRAS CLAVE: dermatitis atópica; atención farmacéutica; intervención farmacéutica; eficacia.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory and chronic skin disease that greatly affects the quality of life of patients suffering from it. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical care in patients with diagnosed atopic dermatitis, assessing its impact on symptomatology and adherence to treatment. Methods: A prospective longitudinal experimental study was conducted in 50 patients with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis, and an individualized pharmaceutical action was carried out based on three strategies: health education, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, and intervention on the dermocosmetic routine. The symptomatology and adherence to the pharmacological treatment of each patient, and their evolution after the intervention were evaluated. Results: The data obtained were analyzed by means of the McNemar statistical test, confirming that 79.17% of the serious patients and 92.30% of the moderate cases improved significantly after the intervention. The value obtained from the statistic (Z = 3.49) indicated that the variables pharmaceutical intervention and patient improvement were not independent, the former being the cause of the latter. At the beginning of the study, 42% of the patients were noncompliant, while at the end of the study only 23.81% were noncompliant. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that pharmaceutical care, and more specifically pharmacotherapy follow-up, are useful and necessary tools to reduce symptomatology and improve the quality of life of patients with atopic dermatitis. KEY WORDS: atopic dermatitis; pharmaceutical care; pharmaceutical intervention; effectiveness

EVALUACIÓN DE LA EFICACIA DE LA ATENCIÓN FARMACÉUTICA EN PACIENTES CON DERMATITIS ATÓPICA

RESUMEN Introducción: La dermatitis atópica es una enfermedad inflamatoria y crónica de la piel que afecta en gran medida a la calidad de vida de los pacientes de la padecen. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la atención farmacéutica en pacientes con dermatitis atópica diagnosticada, valorando su impacto sobre la sintomatología y la adherencia al tratamiento. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental longitudinal prospectivo en 50 pacientes con dermatitis atópica no controlada, llevando a cabo una actuación farmacéutica individualizada basada en tres estrategias: educación sanitaria, seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, e intervención sobre el cuidado dermocosmético. Se evaluó la sintomatología y la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico de cada paciente, y su evolución tras la intervención. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante el test estadístico de McNemar, confirmando que el 79,17% de los pacientes graves y el 92,30% de los casos moderados mejoraron significativamente tras la intervención. El valor obtenido del estadístico (Z=3,49) indicó que las variables intervención farmacéutica y mejora del paciente no eran independientes, siendo la primera la causa de la segunda. Al inicio del estudio, el 42% de los pacientes eran incumplidores, mientras que al final del mismo sólo el 23,81% lo eran. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que la atención farmacéutica, y más concretamente el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, son herramientas útiles y necesarias para reducir la sintomatología y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con dermatitis atópica. PALABRAS CLAVE: dermatitis atópica; atención farmacéutica; intervención farmacéutica; eficacia.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory and chronic skin disease that greatly affects the quality of life of patients suffering from it. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical care in patients with diagnosed atopic dermatitis, assessing its impact on symptomatology and adherence to treatment. Methods: A prospective longitudinal experimental study was conducted in 50 patients with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis, and an individualized pharmaceutical action was carried out based on three strategies: health education, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, and intervention on the dermocosmetic routine. The symptomatology and adherence to the pharmacological treatment of each patient, and their evolution after the intervention were evaluated. Results: The data obtained were analyzed by means of the McNemar statistical test, confirming that 79.17% of the serious patients and 92.30% of the moderate cases improved significantly after the intervention. The value obtained from the statistic (Z = 3.49) indicated that the variables pharmaceutical intervention and patient improvement were not independent, the former being the cause of the latter. At the beginning of the study, 42% of the patients were noncompliant, while at the end of the study only 23.81% were noncompliant. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that pharmaceutical care, and more specifically pharmacotherapy follow-up, are useful and necessary tools to reduce symptomatology and improve the quality of life of patients with atopic dermatitis. KEY WORDS: atopic dermatitis; pharmaceutical care; pharmaceutical intervention; effectiveness

Effect of Phenolic Compounds on Human Health

The consumption of exogenous medicinal plants and food rich in phenolic compounds represents a promising therapeutically to prevent many chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others

Nigella sativa L. Seed Extract Modulates the Neurotransmitter Amino Acids Release in Cultured Neurons In Vitro

Nigella sativa L. (NS) has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of NS dry methanolic extract on cultured cortical neurons and its influence on neurotransmitter release, as well as the presence of excitatory (glutamate and aspartate) and inhibitory amino acids (gamma-aminobutyric acid—GABA—and glycine) in NS extract. Cultured rat cortical neurons were exposed to different times and concentrations of NS dry methanolic extract and cell viability was then determined by a quantitative colorimetric method. NS did not induce any toxicity. The secretion of different amino acids was studied in primary cultured cortical neurons by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a derivation before injection with dansyl chloride. NS modulated amino acid release in cultured neurons; GABA was significantly increased whereas secretion of glutamate, aspartate, and glycine were decreased. The in vitro findings support the hypothesis that the sedative and depressive effects of NS observed in vivo could be based on changes of inhibitory/excitatory amino acids levels

A service to promote autonomy of person affected by neuromuscular disorders from ASEM Federation

A lo largo de la presente tribuna, se exponen tanto el sentido, como la filosofía y las principales características del proyecto PrevenTO, Servicio de Promoción de la Autonomía en las Enfermedades Neuromusculares, que trata de buscar un lugar destacado como experiencia de buenas prácticas en la asistencia e intervención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas

Photoprotective Strategies in Mediterranean High-Mountain Grasslands

Albeit the remarkably high Ultraviolet B loads, high temperatures, and drought stress substantiate the need for efficient photoprotective strategies in Mediterranean high-mountain plants, these remain understudied. Considering the sensitivity of photosystems to extreme conditions, we evaluated an environmental gradient’s weight on the photoprotection of five high-mountain specialists from Central Spain. Diurnal and seasonal variations in chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, carotenoids, and xanthophylls in consecutive and climatically contrasting years were taken to evaluate the effect of the impending climate coarsening at the photosystem level. Our results revealed significant differences among species in the xanthophyll cycle functioning, acting either as a continuous photoprotective strategy enhancing photochemistry-steadiness; or prompted only to counteract the cumulative effects of atypically adverse conditions. The lutein cycle’s involvement is inferred from the high lutein content found in all species and elevations, acting as a sustained photoprotective strategy. These findings added to high de-epoxidation state (DEPS) and minor seasonal changes in the chlorophyll a/b ratio, infer the xanthophyll and Lutein cycles are crucial for upkeeping the photosystems’ optimal functioning in these plants heightening their photoprotective capacity during periods of more unfavorable conditions. Nevertheless, an atypically dry growing season’s detrimental effect infers the feasible surpassing of stress-thresholds and the precariousness of the communities’ functional diversity under climate change

Nutritional Value of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Powder Extracts and Their Neuroprotective Effects via Antioxidative and Mitochondrial Regulation

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders are an increasing public health problem. Oxidative stress is one of the major causes. Medicinal plant-based functional foods can be effective for these diseases. The aim of this work is to investigate the neuroprotective role of methanol extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on antioxidant/oxidant imbalance and mitochondrial regulation in a H2O2-induced oxidative stress model in human neuroblastoma cells. On nutritional analysis, results showed that moringa contained 28.50% carbohydrates, 25.02% proteins, 10.42% fat, 11.83% dietary fiber, 1.108 mg β-carotene, 326.4 µg/100 g vitamin B1 and 15.2 mg/100 g vitamin C. In-vitro assays revealed that moringa methanol extracts had more phenolic content and higher antioxidant activity than acetone extracts. Moreover, pretreatments with methanol extracts showed a protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage through increasing cell viability and reducing free radicals. Furthermore, the extract decreased lipid peroxidation and enhanced glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. Finally, moringa also prevented mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating calcium levels and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. The most active concentration was 25 µg/mL. In summary, the nutritional and functional properties of Moringa oleifera as a neuroprotective agent could be beneficial to protect against oxidative stress and provide necessary nutrients for a healthy diet

Creación de un SPOC (Small Private Open Course) colaborativo entre docentes y estudiantes para la mejora del aprendizaje de la Farmacología

Depto. de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y BotánicaFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte