44 research outputs found

    La réforme des institutions centrales. Quelques jalons

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    « In this article the author envisages and studies the reform of the Senate, of the House of Commons and of the Supreme Court of Canada ; the function of the Governor General is also considered. A suggestion is made for introducing a system of mitigated proportional representation in the House of Commons, as proposed by the Pepin-Robarts report of January 1979. The authors analyses the advantages and disadvantages of an elected Senate, of a Senate whose members are appointed by the federal government or by the federal and provincial governments, of a second House which would constitute a House of the Provinces ; the author is aganist an equal representation of the provinces in the Senate. Professor Beaudoin favours a specialized constitutional Court of Canada, although he considers that such a reform is very unlikely to happen ; however, he adds that in any case, the Supreme Court is de facto a constitutional court to a certain extent. He recommends that the principle of dualism be more visible. Finally, the author describes how the function of Governor General has evolved since 1926, and outlines the role that the Governor General may play in normal and anormal times. 

    Quelques propositions

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    The rules of procedure in the House, the powers of the Speaker, the vote of non-confidence, the proportionnai representation vote as well as the future of parliamentary government, are some of the questions the author deals with when expounding upon the reform of the House of Commons. More powers should be given to the Speaker, and there should be a system where sessions and votes are held on a more regular basis, even if the principle of responsible government is maintained. The proportionnai representation vote is not for the immediate future and the author wonders whether a presidential system as in France would be appropriate for Canada

    La protection constitutionnelle des minorités

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    The author outlines areas covered by constitutional texts and in doing so points to various deficiencies. The first one is brought on by the override clause provided in Section 33 of the Charter which makes it possible to suspend certain rights and a second one is found in the fact that the Charter does not deal with social and economic rights, a deficiency which is most likely to be perceived by members of a minority. His observations lead him to conclude that the courts will have to assume an activist role in order to implement various rights

    La question de l’établissement d’un conseil scolaire homogĂšne francophone en Ontario. Un commentaire succinct

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    Depuis l’enchĂąssement dans la Charte canadienne des droits et libertĂ©s de la protection de la langue de la minoritĂ© en matiĂšre scolaire, on s’est demandĂ© si les francophones pouvaient exiger aux termes de l’article 23 de cette Charte l’établissement d’un conseil homogĂšne francophone en Ontario. L’auteur rĂ©pond par l’affirmative. L’auteur ajoute cependant qu’à l’intĂ©rieur de ce conseil, il faudra crĂ©er deux volets, un volet confessionnel et un volet public. Au sein du volet confessionnel, le groupe catholique devra avoir le contrĂŽle des Ă©coles pour ce qui touche aux droits confessionnels. Sur le plan confessionnel, les deux volets doivent ĂȘtre Ă©tanches. Sur les autres plans, ils peuvent mettre en commun tout ce qu’ils dĂ©sirent.Since the entrenchment in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms of the minority language education rights, the question arose in Ontario whether the francophones may under section 23 of the Charter require the establishment of an homogenous francophone council. The author answers the question by the affirmative. The author expresses the view, however, that the said francophone council should be divided in two parts; one denominational, one public. The structures of the first one should be of such a nature that the catholic group might control its schools in the field of denominational rights. As far as denominational rights are concerned, the two parts should be watertight. In the other fields, the two parts might be common

    DE LA PROTECTION LÉGISLATIVE ET CONSTITUTIONNELLE DES DROITS DE LA PERSONNE AU CANADA EN GÉNÉRAL ET AU QUÉBEC

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    Dans nos dĂ©mocraties, la protection des droits de la personne s’effectue d’au moins cinq façons : par une dĂ©claration intĂ©grĂ©e dans la Constitution et assortie d’un contrĂŽle judiciaire de la constitutionnalitĂ©, ou encore par intĂ©gration sans contrĂŽle judiciaire; en troisiĂšme lieu cette protection peut ĂȘtre laissĂ©e au seul lĂ©gislateur; une quatriĂšme façon consiste Ă  inscrire une DĂ©claration dans la Constitution avec clause dĂ©rogatoire et enfin, une cinquiĂšme voie vise Ă  protĂ©ger les droits par une lĂ©gislation spĂ©ciale Ă  laquelle on ne peut dĂ©roger que par une dĂ©claration expresse.Le Canada a empruntĂ© la cinquiĂšme voie.Les droits de la personne sont protĂ©gĂ©s par des dĂ©clarations dans l’ordre fĂ©dĂ©ral et dans l’ordre provincial de gouvernement. De plus, plusieurs commissions des droits de la personne ont Ă©tĂ© mises sur pied par les deux ordres de gouvernement.MĂȘme si nous n’avons pas une DĂ©claration des droits « intĂ©grĂ©e » dans la Constitution, les tribunaux ont dĂ©clarĂ© que certaines libertĂ©s sont garanties implicitement. Notre Constitution contient, au surplus, quelques dispositions expresses sur les droits dĂ©mocratiques, religieux et linguistiques.Au Canada un dĂ©bat se dĂ©roule actuellement sur l’opportunitĂ© d’intĂ©grer les droits de la personne dans la Constitution et d’emprunter la premiĂšre voie. Devons-nous nous rapprocher de l’école amĂ©ricaine et française ou rester plus prĂšs de l’école britannique oĂč prĂ©valait, du moins jusqu’à tout rĂ©cemment, la souverainetĂ© parlementaire ? De plus, chez-nous ce dĂ©bat est reliĂ© Ă  la rĂ©forme constitutionnelle, ce qui lui donne une dimension additionnelle qui nous est propre

    La protection de la langue française au Canada

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    À QuĂ©bec, en 1608, Samuel de Champlain jeta les bases de la Nouvelle-France. Pendant un siĂšcle et demi, on entendit le doux parler de France, depuis les eaux de GaspĂ© jusqu’à la Nouvelle-OrlĂ©ans. La dĂ©faite de Montcalm, en 1759, mit fin Ă  l’Empire français en AmĂ©rique. Contre vents et marĂ©es, les QuĂ©bĂ©cois et les Acadiens restĂšrent fidĂšles Ă  la langue de leurs pĂšres. En 1867, la constitution canadienne assura Ă  la langue française, au QuĂ©bec et Ă  Ottawa, une protection constitutionnelle. La Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 fit de mĂȘme pour les Acadiens au Nouveau-Brunswick. À sa naissance, en 1870, le Manitoba Ă©tait bilingue, mais une loi de 1890 Ă©carta l’officialitĂ© du français. GrĂące Ă  la Cour suprĂȘme du Canada, qui contrĂŽle la constitutionnalitĂ© des lois, le statut officiel du français fut reconnu pour le Manitoba, en 1979, et pour la Saskatchewan, le 25 fĂ©vrier 1988. La situation en Alberta est analogue. La langue française jouit donc d’une protection tantĂŽt constitutionnelle, tantĂŽt juridique, au niveau de la fĂ©dĂ©ration et dans cinq des dix provinces canadiennes.In Quebec City, in 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded New France. For one century and a half, the French language was spoken from the GaspĂ© peninsula to New Orleans. The defeat of General Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham in 1759 was the end of the “French Empire” in America. However, Quebecers and Acadians, against all hopes, remained faithful to the language of their fathers. The Constitution Act, 1867 offered a certain constitutional protection to the French language, in the province of Quebec and at the federal level. The Constitution Act, 1982 extended a similar protection to the Acadians in New Brunswick. In 1870, when it was created, Manitoba was bilingual but a provincial statute in 1890 destroyed the official status of the French language.In 1979, the Supreme Court of Canada which has a control over the constitutionality of laws restored, in that province, the official status of French and on February 25, 1988 declared that French was also official in Saskatchewan. The situation in Alberta is analogous to that in Saskatchewan. So, the French language has a protection, sometimes constitutional sometimes legal only, at the federal level and in five of the ten provinces of Canada
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