12 research outputs found
Endobolome, a New Concept for Determining the Influence of Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDC) in Relation to Specific Endocrine Pathogenesis
This work was carried out within the frame of GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04: OBEMIRISK: Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of Bisphenols on gut microbiota and its role in obesogenic phenotype: looking for biomarkers. This research was also funded by Spanish State Research Agency (SRA) EIN2019-103431, EIN2019-103082 and Proyecto cofinanciado FEDER-Consejeria de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucia PE-0250-2019.The results presented in this article constitute part of YG-O
doctoral thesis, performed in the Nutrition and Food Sciences
Doctorate Program of the University of Granada.Endogenous steroid hormones and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) interact with gut microbiota through different pathways. We suggest the use of the term “endobolome” when referring to the group of gut microbiota genes and pathways involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and EDC. States of dysbiosis and reduced diversity of the gut microbiota may impact and modify the endobolome resulting at long-term in the development of certain pathophysiological conditions. The endobolome might play a central role in the gut microbiota as seen by the amount of potentially endobolome-mediated diseases and thereby it can be considered an useful diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for future functional research strategies that envisage the use of next generation of probiotics. In addition, we propose that EDC and other xenobiotics that alter the gut microbial composition and its metabolic capacities should be categorized into a subgroup termed “microbiota disrupting chemicals” (MDC). This will help to distinguish the role of contaminants from other microbiota natural modifiers such as those contained or released from diet, environment, physical activity and stress. These MDC might have the ability to promote specific changes in the microbiota that can ultimately result in common intestinal and chronic or long-term systemic diseases in the host. The risk of developing certain disorders associated with gut microbiota changes should be established by determining both the effects of the MDC on gut microbiota and the impact of microbiota changes on chemicals metabolism and host susceptibility. In any case, further animal controlled experiments, clinical trials and large epidemiological studies are required in order to establish the concatenated impact of the MDC-microbiota-host health axis.OBEMIRISK: Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of Bisphenols on gut microbiota and its role in obesogenic phenotype: looking for biomarkers
GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04Spanish State Research Agency (SRA)
EIN2019-103431
EIN2019-103082Junta de Andalucia
PE-0250-201
Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases
The results presented in this article constitute part of Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros doctoral
thesis, performed in the Nutrition and Food Sciences Doctorate Program of the University of Granada.Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have been associated with the increased incidence of
metabolic disorders. In this work, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order
to identify the current knowledge of the interactions between EDCs in food, the gut microbiota,
and metabolic disorders in order to shed light on this complex triad. Exposure to EDCs induces
a series of changes including microbial dysbiosis and the induction of xenobiotic pathways and
associated genes, enzymes, and metabolites involved in EDC metabolism. The products and
by-products released following the microbial metabolism of EDCs can be taken up by the host;
therefore, changes in the composition of the microbiota and in the production of microbial metabolites
could have a major impact on host metabolism and the development of diseases. The remediation of
EDC-induced changes in the gut microbiota might represent an alternative course for the treatment
and prevention of metabolic diseases.This work was carried out within the frame of GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04: OBEMIRISK:
Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of Bisphenols on gut microbiota and its role in obesogenic phenotype:
looking for biomarkers. This research was also funded by Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016, Proyecto cofinanciado
FEDER-ISCIII PI17/01758, Proyecto cofinanciado FEDER-Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía
PE-0250-2019 and by Fundación Mapfre MAPFRE2018
Presence of Parabens and Bisphenols in Food Commonly Consumed in Spain
Given the widespread use of bisphenols and parabens in consumer products, the assessment of their intake is crucial and represents the first step towards the assessment of the potential risks that these compounds may pose to human health. In the present study, a total of 98 samples of food items commonly consumed by the Spanish population were collected from different national supermarkets and grocery stores for the determination of parabens and bisphenols. Our analysis demonstrated that 56 of the 98 food samples contained detectable levels of parabens with limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.4 and 0.9 ng g-1. The total concentration of parabens (sum of four parabens: åparabens) ranged from below the LOQ to 281.7 ng g-1, with a mean value of 73.86 ng g-1. A total of 52% of the samples showed detectable concentrations of bisphenols. Bisphenol A (BPA) was the most frequently detected bisphenol in the food samples analysed, followed by bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol E (BPE). Bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol P (BPP) were not found in any of the analysed samples. LOQ for these bisphenols were between 0.4 and 4.0 ng g-1
The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes
This research was funded by the Plan Propio de Investigación de la Universidad de Granada of Spain (grant number PP2022.PP-07). J.M.T. and M.P.-J. are grateful to the Ph.D. Excellence Program “Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos” from the University of Granada. J.M.T. was supported by an FPU contract with grant reference FPU21/04865 funded by the Ministry of Education of Spain.Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances widely disseminated
both in the environment and in daily-life products which can interfere with the regulation and
function of the endocrine system. These substances have gradually entered the food chain, being
frequently found in human blood and urine samples. This becomes a particularly serious issue
when they reach vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, whose hormones are more
unstable and vulnerable to EDCs. The proper formation and activity of the placenta, and therefore
embryonic development, may get seriously affected by the presence of these chemicals, augmenting
the risk of several pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth,
preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus, among others. Additionally, some of them also exert
a detrimental impact on fertility, thus hindering the reproductive process from the beginning. In
several cases, EDCs even induce cross-generational effects, inherited by future generations through
epigenetic mechanisms. These are the reasons why a proper understanding of the reproductive
and gestational alterations derived from these substances is needed, along with efforts to establish
regulations and preventive measures in order to avoid exposition (especially during this particular
stage of life).Universidad de Granada
PP2022.PP-07Ministry of Education of Spain FPU21/0486
Levels of Bisphenol A and its analogs in nails, saliva, and urine of children: a case control study
Introduction: A growing number of studies link the increase in overweight/
obesity worldwide to exposure to certain environmental chemical pollutants that
display obesogenic activity (obesogens). Since exposure to obesogens during
the first stages of life has been shown to have a more intense and pronounced
effect at lower doses, it is imperative to study their possible effects in childhood.
The objective here was to study the association of Bisphenol A (BPA) and 11 BPA
analogs in children, using three biological matrices (nails, saliva and urine), and
overweight and obesity (n = 160).
Methods: In this case–control study, 59 overweight/obese children and 101
controls were included. The measuring of Bisphenols in the matrices was carried
out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple
quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Logistic regression
was used to study the association between overweight/obesity and Bisphenol
exposure.
Results: The results suggested that BPF in nails is associated with overweight/
obesity in children (OR:4.87; p = 0.020). In saliva, however, the highest detected
concentrations of BPAF presented an inverse association (OR: 0.06; p = 0.010)
with overweight/obesity. No associations of statistical significance were detected
between exposure to BPA or its other analogs and overweight/obesity in any of
the biological matrices.FEDER-Consejería de Salud y Familias’ of the Junta de Andalucía PE-0250-201
Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA
has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but
data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main
objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated
health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo
and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact
on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.This research was funded by Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016 Proyecto cofinanciado
FEDER-ISCIII PI17/01758 and by Fundación Mapfre MAPFRE2018
Factors Associated with Exposure to Dietary Bisphenols in Adolescents
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogue
bisphenol S (BPS), seem to play an important role in the development of obesity, although contradictory results have been reported. The aim of the present study was to conduct a gender analysis of
the factors associated with exposure to dietary bisphenols in 585 Spanish adolescents. Dietary BPA
and BPS exposure was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Foods and macronutrients
accounting for more than 95% of energy intake were selected for analysis. Stepwise regression
was used to estimate the foods that most contributed to dietary bisphenol exposure in the sample.
Gender-related factors associated with greater dietary bisphenol exposure were evaluated using
multivariate logistic regression models. Canned tuna was the main dietary source of BPA and BPS
in both adolescent boys and girls. Overweight/obese girls showed a higher risk of high dietary
exposure to BPA (odds ratio (OR): 3.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–9.07) and total bisphenols
(OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.03–7.67) in comparison with girls with a BMI lower than 25 kg/m2
. Present
results indicate a positive association of dietary exposure to both total bisphenols and BPA with
being overweight/obese in adolescent girls.GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04: OBEMIRISK: Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of bisphenol on gut microbiota and its role in
obesogenic phenotypes: looking for biomarkers’ frameworkPlan
Estatal de I + D + I 2013–2016FEDER-ISCIII PI17/01758FEDER-Consejería
de Salud y FamiliasJunta de Andalucía PE-0250–2019FEDER-Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de
Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/ Proyecto P18-RT-4247Fundación Mapfre MAPFRE201
Dietary exposure to parabens and body mass index in an adolescent Spanish population
This work was carried out in line with 'GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04: OBEMIRISK: Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of Bisphenols on gut microbiota and its role in obesogenic phenotype: looking for biomarkers'. This research was also funded by Plan Estatal de I + D + I 2013-2016 and co-funded by FEDER-ISCIII PI17/01758, FEDER-Consejeria de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucia PE-0250-2019, FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto P18-RT-4247. All individuals participating in this research signed an informed consent form and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Com-mittee of the University of Granada.Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid which are extensively used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and
foodstuffs due to their antimicrobial properties. The most commonly used parabens are methyl-(MeP), ethyl-
(EtP), propyl-(PrP) and butyl-(BuP) paraben. Most human exposure to parabens is achieved through the consumption
of food or pharmaceutical products and the use of personal care products. However, studies on dietary
parabens exposure and the associated factors are very scarce. The main aim of the present study was to explore
factors associated with dietary exposure to parabens in Spanish adolescents according to gender. Dietary data
and anthropometric measures were collected from 585 adolescents (53.4% boys) aged 12–16 years. Parabens
exposure through diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire with food products providing more
than 95% of energy and macronutrient intake being included in analysis. Stepwise regression was used to
identify the foods that most contributed to parabens intake. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors
predicting higher dietary exposure to parabens. The main contributors to dietary MeP, EtP, PrP and BuP exposure
in adolescent boys were eggs (41.9%), canned tuna (46.4%), bakery and baked goods products (57.3%) and
pineapple (61.1%). In adolescent girls, the main contributors were apples and pears (35.3%), canned tuna
(42.1%), bakery and baked goods products (55.1%) and olives (62.1%). Overweight/obese girls were more likely
to belong to the highest tertile of overall parabens intake (odds ratio [OR]: 3.32; 95% confidence interval [95%
CI]: 1.21–9.15) and MeP (OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.14–8.12) than those with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2.
These findings suggest a positive association between dietary exposure to parabens and overweight/obesity in
adolescent girls.Plan Estatal de I + D + I 2013-2016FEDER-ISCIII PI17/01758FEDER-Consejeria de Salud y FamiliasJunta de Andalucia PE-0250-2019FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto P18-RT-424
Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have been associated with the increased incidence of metabolic disorders. In this work, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to identify the current knowledge of the interactions between EDCs in food, the gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders in order to shed light on this complex triad. Exposure to EDCs induces a series of changes including microbial dysbiosis and the induction of xenobiotic pathways and associated genes, enzymes, and metabolites involved in EDC metabolism. The products and by-products released following the microbial metabolism of EDCs can be taken up by the host; therefore, changes in the composition of the microbiota and in the production of microbial metabolites could have a major impact on host metabolism and the development of diseases. The remediation of EDC-induced changes in the gut microbiota might represent an alternative course for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases
Association between dietary exposure to bisphenols and body mass index in Spanish schoolchildren
This report is funded by EFSA as part of the EU-FORA programme.The increase in children obesity worldwide has been of particular concern in recent decades.
Environmental factors have been proposed as contributors to obesity, and there is a growing concern
over obesogens, environmental chemicals with potential obesity-related endocrine-disrupting
properties. In this regard, bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are suspected to have obesogenic
properties. Current document report on the activities of the fellow, undertaken during the fourth,
2020–2021 cycle of the EU-FORA programme at the University of Granada, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Science, in Spain. The work programme offered by the hosting site was related to the
extrapolation of bisphenols exposure following the determination of these compounds in food
frequently consumed by children and in their biological samples. The fellow has participated in the
recruitment of the study population in the health centres. In addition, she has participated in the
collection of the children biological samples, anthropometric measurements and dietary surveys and in
the optimisation of the laboratory methodology for the extraction of bisphenols in biological samples.
All these activities also provided the fellow an opportunity to develop her data science related skills,
which will benefit her professional development. In addition, the fellow gained an overview of various
topics related to food safety risk assessment by attending the EU-FORA dedicated training modules.EFS