Schematic illustration of an experimental trial showing an example of a close-wide (CW) pair.

<p>Event durations are indicated under each screen.</p

Results of mass univariate statistical analysis.

<p>(a) Each box of the raster diagram represents the results of a t-test. Black boxes indicate that the WC minus CW difference wave was significantly positive at that time point and electrode, white indicates significantly positive differences, after effectively correcting for multiple comparisons). (b) Topographic maps of WC minus CW difference potentials at timepoints within intervals where significant differences were observed. Dots mark electrodes used for mass univariate tests. White dots mark significant electrodes. (c) S2 ERPs in the WC and CW conditions. Gray shadings indicate timepoints where significant differences were found.</p

P3b responses.

<p>(a) ERPs averaged within the ROIs selected for P3b analysis the 500-560 ms range. Gray shadings indicate the 500-560 ms intervals where significant differences were found by ANOVA. Electrodes CP1 and P1 were selected for the left, CPz and Pz for the midline and CP2 and P2 for the right ROI. (b) Topographic maps of the P3b responses for the CW, WC, CC, and WW conditions within the 500-560 ms interval where the ANOVA yielded significant differences.</p

Frequency of closer/wider ratings (a).

<p>Mean boundary ratings across all blocks (b). Confidence ratings (c). Significant differences are indicated by asterisks (*p<0.05, ***p<0.001). Whiskers indicate standard error mean (SEM).</p

Scalp topography of the mismatch responses.

<p>Electrode clusters selected for analyses are marked with black dots in black frames (Region of Interests: ROIs).</p

Basic demographic and descriptive characteristics of the two study groups.

<p>Basic demographic and descriptive characteristics of the two study groups.</p

Stimuli and paradigm.

<p>Schematic illustration of the pattern of emotional stimuli used in the experiment. Four individual photographs displaying the same facial affect were presented on each screen for 200-stimulus interval randomly varying between 450–650 ms during which occasionally the vertical and horizontal lines of the fixation cross changed. The subjects’ task was a speeded button-press to the changes of the cross.</p

Event-related potentials and mismatch waveforms by region.

<p>HC = Healthy Controls, SZ = Patients with Schizophrenia. Upper panel: ERPs for fearful faces; lower panel: ERPs for happy faces. Shaded intervals indicate time windows of amplitude measurements. Only those ROIs were used for between-group comparison where the mismatch waveform in at least one of the study groups differed significantly from zero after correction for multiple testing. Asterisks mark time windows where significantly larger mismatch responses were found in the healthy control group compared to the patients.</p

Source Localization of the Mismatch Signals.

*<p>p<0.05, two-tailed, ⁽*⁾ p<0.1, two-tailed.</p>1<p>Areas listed by t_max in decreasing order.</p

Results of the source localization for the happy condition.

<p>Red color indicates significant group differences in mismatch generation to the happy condition in the 250–360 ms time window. (HC = Healthy Controls, SZ = Patients with Schizophrenia).</p