A preliminary study to evaluate the reproducibility of factor analysis results: The case of educational research journals in Turkey

In quantitative research, an attempt to reproduce previously reported results requires at least a transparent definition of the population, sampling method, and the analyses procedures used in the prior studies. Focusing on the articles published between 2010 and 2017 by the four prestigious educational research journals in Turkey, this study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of the factor analysis results from a theoretical perspective. A total of 275 articles were subject to descriptive content analysis. Results showed that 77.8% of the studies did not include an explicit definition of the population under interest, and in 50.9% of the studies, the sampling method was either not clear or reported to be convenience sampling. Moreover, information about the missing data or a missing data dealing technique was absent in the 76% of the articles. Approximately, half of the studies were found to have inadequate model fit. Furthermore, in almost all studies, it could not be determined whether the item types (i.e., levels of measurement scales) were taken into consideration during the analyses. In conclusion, the majority of the investigated factor analysis results were evaluated to be non-reproducible in practice

Current Situation Of Agricultural Extension in Entrepreneurship and Cooperatives

Günümüzde farklı tanımlar olsa da girişimcilik yaratıcı düşünceyihayal aşamasından sistemli, mantıklı ve uygulanabilir hale getirilmesiolarak da tanımlanabilir. Bir girişimcinin en temel özelliklerindenbiri yaratıcı olmak ve yenilik ya da farklılık yapmaktır. Dolaysıylagirişimcilik bir yenilik faaliyetidir, söylenebilir. Yeni bir üretim metodunungeliştirilmesi, yeni bir malın üretimi, yeni bir hammadde kaynağınınkeşfi ve yeniden yapılandırılması, yeni bir pazarın oluşturulması vb.birer yeniliktir. Kırsalda yapılan araştırma sonuçlarından elde edilenverilere göre, tarımsal yayım hizmetleri sonucu yeniliklerin kabul vereddedilmesinde sosyal ağ önemli rol oynamaktadır.Tarımsal yayım bilim alanı ile uygulama arasında bir köprüvazifesi gören, yani: Kırsal kesime götürülen yeniliği bir eğitim sürecindeçiftçilere uygulatan ve kırsal kesimde saptanan sorunları ilgili kurum vekuruluşlara ileten bir bilim dalıdır, diyebiliriz. Böylece tarımsal yayımbir taraftan yeniliklerin kırsal kesimde bilinçli bir şekilde yayılmasınısağlarken, diğer taraftan araştırma kurumlarında üretilen teknolojiningeliştirilmesine katkı sağlamakta olup, bu faaliyet içerisinde isegirişimciliğe öncülük etmektedir. Bu bildiri ile girişimciliğe öncülük eden tarımsal yayım hizmetininkooperatiflerdeki mevcut durumu irdelenecektirToday entrepreneurship has different describings it can be also defined as making systematic, logical and feasible imaginative thinking. One of the most basic features of an entrepreneur is to be creative and to innovate or make a difference. So we can say entrepreneurship is therefore an innovation activity. The development of a new production method, the production of a new commodity, the discovery and restructuring of a new source of raw material, the creation of a new market, and so on. It is innovation. According to the results of rural surveys, social networking plays an important role in accepting and rejecting innovations in agricultural extension services. Agricultural extension is a bridge between science and field practices, another wordsIt is a science that applies the rural innovation to the farmers in a training process and communicates the problems identified in the rural areas to the relevant institutions and organizations. Thus agricultural extension allows the innovations to spread consciously in the countryside on the otherhand it contributes to the development of the technology produced in research institutions during this activity it leads to entrepreneurship. This paper will examine the current situation of cooperative agricultural publication service which is leading to entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial Woman and Analysis of Barriers and Opportunities Ensuring the Work-Life Balance

Günümüzde gelişen teknoloji ve endüstrileşme ile birlikte her geçen gün iş hayatına katılan kadın sayısında artış olmaktadır. Ülkemizde ise kadınların girişimci olmalarını ve iş sahibi kadınların işletmelerinin devamlılığını engelleyen birçok sorun bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; Tekirdağda işletme sahibi olan kadınların iş-yaşam dengesi kurabilmeleri ile ilgili olası engel ve fırsatları tespit etmek üzere tarım ve tarıma dayalı sektörlerde işletme sahibi olan kadınların girişimcilik ve iş hayatında kadın olmak ile ilgili 22 farklı yargıya katılma düzeyleri değerlendirilmiş ve faktör analizi ile bulgular gruplandırılmıştır. İndirgenen faktörlere göre; kadınların iş-yaşam dengesi sağlamada engel veya fırsat olabilecek 6 faktör grubu tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda yargıların faktör gruplarına dağılımı değerlendirilerek; kişilik özellikleri, zaman darlığı, medeni durum, cinsiyete dayalı roller, sosyal pozisyon ve iletişimsel özellikler başlıkları oluşturulmuş ve bu faktörlerin girişimci kadınların iş-yaşam dengesi kurmalarında engel veya fırsat olabilirliği yorumlanmıştır. Girişimci kadınların iş hayatı içinde kalıcı olabilmeleri için kendilerini ve işletmelerini sürekli geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda meslek odaları ve üniversiteler gibi kurumlar tarafından kadınların iş-yaşam dengesi kurmalarını sağlayacak yöneticilik özellikleri kazanma, motivasyon sağlama, organize olabilme, zamanı etkin kullanma, sorunlar karşısında çözüm üretebilme, denetim kabiliyeti kazanma gibi konularda kişisel gelişim eğitimleri verilmelidir.Today, there is an increase in the number of women participating in working life with the result of developing technology and industrialization. In our country, there are still many problems that prevent women to become business owners and business owners to continue their business. In this context; potential barriers and opportunities associated with women who could establish a business owner's work-life balance has been identified in Tekirdağ. Women business owners in the sectors of agriculture and agro-based entrepreneurship and participate in 22 different comments associated with being a woman in business levels were evaluated and findings were grouped by factor analysis. According to the reduced factor; ensuring women's work-life balance of barriers or opportunities that may be 6 groups of factors have been identified. In evaluating the distribution of the factor group analysis; "personality characteristics, time constraints, marital status, gender roles, social position and communicative features" titles were created. The factors of entrepreneurial women s work-life balance have been interpreted to establish the feasibility of barriers or opportunities. For the continuity of business life of women, entrepreneurs are required to continuously improve themselves and their business. In this context, to establish a women's work-life balance training should be provided by the universities and professional chambers. Personal development trainings such as; management skills, motivation, organization, efficient use of time, gain control capability, produce a solution in the face of challenges should be given by the institutions

The antibiotic resýstance of staphylococci ısolated of clinical specimens

Amaç: Bu çalışmada çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen stafilokokların antibiyotik direncinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, klasik yöntemlerle tanımlanan 274 Staphylococcus. aureus (S. aureus) ve 172 koagülaz negatif stafilokok kökeni alınmıştır. Antibiyotik direnci, penisilin, metisilin, eritromisin, klindamisin, kotrimoksazol, siprofloksasin, vankomisin ve fusidik aside karşı Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile araştırılmış, metisilin direncinin saptanmasında oksasilin diski kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 274 Staphylococcus aureus kökeninin % 92.3'ü penisiline, %10.9'u metisiline, % 21.5 'i eritromisine, % 14.8'i klindamisine %15.8'i ko-trimoksazole, % 7.3'ü siprofloksasine, % 5.7'si fusidik aside dirençli bulunurken, 172 koagülaz negatif stafilokok kökeninin%84.2'si penisiline, %38.8'i metisiline,%54.8'i eritromisine, % 44.4'ü klindamisine, %42.2'si ko-trimoksazole, % 25'i siprofloksasine, % 28.1'i fusidik aside dirençli bulunmuştur.Vankomisin direncine rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç: Koagülaz negatif stafilokok kökenlerinin S. aureusa göre antibiyotiklere daha yüksek oranda dirençli ve tüm stafilokok kökenlerinin vankomisine duyarlı olduğu saptanmıştır.Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the antibiotic resistance of staphylococci strains which were isolatedfromvarious clinical specimens. Methods: This study included 274 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 172 coagulase negative staphylococci strains which were identified with classical methods. Antibiotic resistance of strains to penicilline, methicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and fucidic acid were investigated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusionmethod, while in the detectionofmethicilline resistance oxacilline discs were used. Results: Amongthe274 S. aureus strains, 92.3% werefoundresistantto penicilline, 10.9% to methicillin, 21.5% to erythromycin 14.8% to clindamycin, 15.8% to co-trimoxazole, 7.3% to ciprofloxacin, 5.7% to fucidic acid. Among 172 CNS strains 84.2% were found resistant to penicilline, 38.8% to methicillin, 54.8% to erythromycin, 44.4% to clindamycin, 42.2% to co-trimoxazole, 25% to ciprofloxacin and 28.1% to fucidic acid. Vancomycin resistance was not detected Conclusion: In this study we found that strains of coagulase negative staphylococci were much more resistant than S. aureus to antibiotics and all staphylococci were susceptible to vancomycin

Relationship among MIF, MCP-1, viral loads, and HBs Ag levels in chronic hepatitis B patients

Background/aim: To determine whether macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in patients with hepatitis B (HB) are different than in normal individuals and whether the HB surface antigen (HBs Ag) level and viral load are correlated with each other and with the two aforementioned parameters. Materials and methods: Sera were obtained from 52 chronic active HB (CAHB) patients and 33 healthy controls, and their MIF and MCP-1 levels were measured. Statistical analyses were performed. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The MIF and MCP-1 values of the control group were increased compared to those of the CAHB group. The MIF and MCP-1 levels were negatively correlated with HBs Ag levels and viral loads. The MIF and MCP-1 levels were positively correlated. The HBs Ag levels and the log10 of the viral loads were positively correlated. Conclusion: We conclude that the negative correlation of MIF and MCP-1 with viral load and HBs Ag levels may be due to T-cell deficiency, antinuclear antibody seropositivity, and/or inhibition of chemokine ligand 2 receptors by viral antigens. More studies with a greater number of subjects are needed to evaluate the potential role of MIF and MCP in CAHB

Iron Deficiency Anaemia is Associated with Decreased Levels of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1

Many bodily systems are affected by iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), including the immune system. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby this anaemia promotes deterioration in immunity remain largely unexplained. In order to enlighten this pathophysiological link, serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which play an important roles in a healthy functioning immune system, were examined in patients with IDA and healthy volunteers. A total of 30 patients with IDA (mean age 33.6+/-7.8 years, 30% male) and 30 healthy individuals (mean age 30.1 +/- 8.8 years, 27 % male) were included. Serum MIF and MCP-1 levels were measured in a sandwich-assay format, using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. There was no statistically significant difference in age and gender distribution between participants with IDA and controls (p> 0.05). Serum MIF and MCP-1 concentrations were lower in the IDA group than in the control group (p < 0.005, and p < 0.01, respectively). When considering the role of MIF and MCP-1 in maintaining the normal immune response of the organism, a decrease in production in patients with IDA may contribute to immune dysfunction in these individuals

Yağ Kütle ve Kantitatif İnsulin Sensitivite Kontrol İndekslerinden Türetilmiş Yeni Bir İnsulin Sensitivite İndeksi

Aim Obesity has recently become one of the most important health problems throughout the world. This fact led to the controversies on the clinical use of insulin sensitivity indices. Indices previously described or introduced in this study have been evaluated to choose one, which is capable of exhibiting significant distinctions between healthy children and those involved in the classes of childhood obesity. Material and Methods A total of 179 girls; 81 morbidly obese(MO), 42 obese(O), 16 overweight(OW) and 40 normal(N) participated in the study. Groups were constituted based upon age- and sex-specific body mass index percentiles tabulated by World Health Organization. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR), HOMA-IR/BMI, log HOMA-IR, fasting glucose/fasting insulin ratio(FGIR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index(QUICKI), Raynaud, reciprocal insulin indices and also new indices HOMAIR*BMI, HOMA-IR*fat mass index(FMI), QUICKI*BMI, QUICKI*FMI were calculated. The cut-offs 3.16 and 2.5 for HOMA-IR, 7 and 6 for FGIR, 0.357 and 0.328 for QUICKI were evaluated to estimate insulin resistance. Statistical analyses were performed with Predictive Analytics SoftWare(PASW) Statistics 18. Results and Conclusion QUICKI*FMI was able to make a clear-cut separation between the groups. A new trilogy for cut-offs (HOMA>2.5, FGIR2.5, FGIR<7, QUICKI<0.328) ortaya kondu. QUICKI nin çok yönlü özelliği gözlendi. QUICKI nin, 0.328 cut-off noktası kullanıldığında MO i O den, 0.357 cut-off noktası kullanıldığında ise O i OW den ayırt edebildiği belirlendi. QUICKI*FMI indeksinin, çocukluk çağı obezitesi bağlamında N-OW, OW-O ve O-MO gruplar arasındaki farklılıkların ileri düzeyde (p?0.005) tanımlanmasında eşsiz bir indeks olduğu sonucuna varıldı

(The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in NamÕk Kemal University Training and Research Hospital)

Giriş: Her yıl önemli sayıda kadını etkileyen Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus (GDM) hem gebeler hem de bebekleri için istenmeyen sağlık problemlerine yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesinde Gestasyonel Diyabetes Mellitus prevalansını değerlendirmeyi ve diğer çalışmaların sonuç- larıyla karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Materyal ve Metot: Ocak 2010 ile Mayıs 2013 tarihleri arasında 24 28 Haftalık gebelik süresinde Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesinde kabul edilen gebeler çalışmaya dahil edildi. Yapılan dosya taramasında 502 gebeye 50 gram Glukoz Yükleme Testi (GYT) uygulandığı, test sonuçlarına göre bunların 29una da 100 gram Oral Glukoz Tolerans Testi (OGTT) yapıldığı tespit edildi. Bulgular: Gebelerin tamamına yapılan 50 g Glukoz Yükleme Testi 29 olguda pozitif olarak bulundu. Tarama testi yapılan gebelerin 13 tanesinde 100 g OGTT pozitif olarak değerlendirilmiş ve hastanemize başvuran gebelerin gestasyonel diyabet prevelansı Carpenter ve Caustan kriterlerine göre %2,59 bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar: Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus prevalansı Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesinde Türkiyenin diğer bölgelerinden rapor edilen epidemiyolojik çalışmalara göre daha düşük bulundu.Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a significant number of women each year and it is associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes for pregnants and their babies. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Gestational diabetes mellitus in Nam&Otilde;k Kemal University Training and Research Hospital and to compare the results of other studies. Material and Methods: From January 2010 to May 2013, patients admitted to gynecology clinic with 24 28 week pregnancy were studied. A glucose challenge test (GCT) was given to 502 pregnant women and based on the results 29 went on to take an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: 502 pregnant women tested, Fifty gram Glucose Challenge Test was performed on all pregnant women which was positive only in 29 cases, and in 13 of them 100 gram oral glucose tolerance test was positive The prevalence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women who were admitted to our hospital was 2.59% according to Carpenter and Caustan diagnostic criteria Conclusions: The prevalence of Gestational diabetes mellitus was found to be lower in in Nam&Otilde;k Kemal University Training and Research Hospital rather than the other regions of Turkey as reported in epidemiological studies

The Relationship Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Heart Rate Recovery

AimIt has been shown that heart rate recovery index is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. It has been reported in most epidomiologic studies that an elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between heart rate recovery index and neutrophillymphocyte ratio.Materials and MethodsA total of 238 patients who underwent coronary angiography due to abnormal treadmill exercise test results and who admitted to Cardiology Department of Faculty of Medicine at Namık Kemal University were evaluated retrospectively. heart rate recovery index was accepted as abnormal when the difference between peak heart rate at maximal exercise and the heart rate at the first minute of recovery phase is 18 beat or less.ResultsIn the comparison between those with abnormal heart rate recovery index and those with normal heart rate recovery index in terms of neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was found a significant relationship. (respectively, p=0,027 ve p=0.000).ConclusionConsequently, our findings may potentially suggest that an elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with abnormal heart rate recovery index might be related to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The investigation of the prognostic significance of elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with abnormal heart rate recovery index in future prospective studies will be provide more conclusive evidence

Bilateral Quadriceps and Concomitant Unilateral Triceps Tendon Rupture in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient

Spontaneous bilateral quadriceps rupture is rarely seen in systemic diseases. Although the underlying mechanism in tendon rupture is not clearly understood, β2-amyloidosis, chronic acidosis, impaired collagen metabolism, accumulation of uremic toxins and secondary hyperparathyroidism are held to be responsible. The patients with bilateral spontaneous quadriceps rupture can be able to achieve significant functional improvement with the postoperative rehabilitation program. In this article, we aimed to present a patient with hemodialysis who developed spontaneous bilateral quadriceps and unilateral triceps rupture and discuss in company with the literature