INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND TEACHERS' LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CREATIVITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational climate and teachers' levels of organizational creativity and organizational cynicism. In the research, a relational screening model was used. The population of the study consists of 1974 teachers working in 65 secondary schools in Batman city centre during the 2017-2018 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 756 teachers working in 24 secondary schools selected via the cluster sampling method. In this research, the “Organizational Climate Scale”, “Organizational Creativity Scale”, and “Organizational Cynicism Scale” were used. It was determined that the perceptions of the teachers of organizational climate, organizational creativity, and organizational cynicism were statistically significant differences in some of the independent variables used in the research. As a result of the correlation analysis, supportive principal behaviors, intimate teacher behaviors and engaged teacher behaviors were found to be positive and moderate in terms of organizational creativity levels of organizational climate. There was a positive and low-level relationship between the behaviors of directive principals and organizational creativity of teachers, a negative and low-level relationship between careless teacher behaviors and organizational creativity levels of teachers. There was a negative and moderate relationship between supportive principal behaviors and organizational cynicism levels of teachers, a negative and low-level relationship between intimate teacher behaviors and engaged teacher behaviors and teachers' organizational cynicism levels; a positive and low-level relationship between directive principal behaviours and frustrated principals and organizational cynicism levels of teachers, and a positive and moderate relationship between careless teacher behaviors and teachers' organizational cynicism levels. There was a negative and moderate relationship between organizational creativity and organizational cynicism levels of teachers. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that perceived organizational climate is a significant predictor of teachers' organizational creativity and organizational cynicism levels. Article visualizations

Split-bolus MR urography: synchronous visualization of obstructing vessels and collecting system in children

Several vascular abnormalities related with urinary system such as crossing accessory renal vessels, retroiliac ureters, retrocaval ureters, posterior nutcracker syndrome, and ovarian vein syndrome may be responsible for urinary collecting system obstruction. Split-bolus magnetic resonance urography (MRU) using contrast material as two separate bolus injections provides superior demonstration of the collecting system and obstructing vascular anomalies simultaneously and enables accurate preoperative radiologic diagnosis. In this pictorial review we aimed to outline the split-bolus MRU technique in children, list the coexisting congenital collecting system and vascular abnormalities, and exhibit the split-bolus MRU appearances of concurrent urinary collecting system and vascular abnormalities

In situ Generation of Efficient Palladium N-heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts Using Benzimidazolium Salts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction

Five new unsymmetrically substituted salts containing a benzimidazole backbone were synthesized in high yields and their structures were verified via spectroscopic and analytical methods such as HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The catalytic properties of all the synthesized salts were tested in a homogeneous Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to get coupling products in high efficiencies with low amounts of in situ formed catalysts. In this reaction, the couplings of boronic acid derivatives with different aryl chlorides were made in the presence of palladium acetate, 2-6 and base at various times and temperatures. According to the obtained results, the benzimidazolium salts which are N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand precursors were found to have high catalytic activity. In particular, the coupling of 4-chlorotoluene with phenylboronic acid was obtained in very high yield and conversion in the catalyzed Pd-NHC complexes which were in situ formed from compounds 3 and 6 and Pd(OAc)(2)

N-Methylphthalimide-substituted benzimidazolium salts and PEPPSI Pd-NHC complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions

A series of novel benzimidazolium salts (1-4) and their pyridine enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI) themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [ PdCl2(NHC)(Py)] (5-8), where NHC = 1-(N-methylphthalimide)3- alkylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene and Py = 3-chloropyridine, were synthesized and characterized by means of H-1 and C-13{H-1} NMR, UV-vis (for 5-8), ESI-FTICR-MS (for 2, 4, 6-8) and FTIR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (for 1-8) and arylation (for 5-8) reactions. As catalysts, they demonstrated a highly efficient route for the formation of asymmetric biaryl compounds even though they were used in very low loading. For example, all compounds displayed good catalytic activity for the C-C bond formation of 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid with 4-chlorotoluene

N-Methylphthalimide-substituted benzimidazolium salts and PEPPSI Pd–NHC complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions

A series of novel benzimidazolium salts (1–4) and their pyridine enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI) themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [PdCl2(NHC)(Py)] (5–8), where NHC = 1-(N-methylphthalimide)-3-alkylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene and Py = 3-chloropyridine, were synthesized and characterized by means of 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, UV–vis (for 5–8), ESI-FTICR-MS (for 2, 4, 6–8) and FTIR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling (for 1–8) and arylation (for 5–8) reactions. As catalysts, they demonstrated a highly efficient route for the formation of asymmetric biaryl compounds even though they were used in very low loading. For example, all compounds displayed good catalytic activity for the C–C bond formation of 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid with 4-chlorotoluene

Carbon-carbon bond formation catalyzed by PEPPSI Pd-NHC

Five new palladium complexes were efficiently synthesized from the reaction of benzimidazolium salts, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and palladium chloride (PdCl2) in pyridine (for 3-5) or 3-chloropyridine (for 6 and 7). The synthesized complexes were characterized and tested in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction as catalysts. In the presence of catalysts 3-7, biaryl products were obtained in moderate yields when phenylboronic acid was used as boronic acid derivative. However, the coupling of thianaphthene-2-boronic acid with 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene generated low yields although a longer period of time was used in comparison to the coupling of phenylboronic acid with aryl chlorides. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved