Characterization of the aggregation-induced enhanced emission of N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylide)benzene-1,4-diamine

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York. N,N′-bis(4-methoxysalicylide)benzene-1,4-diamine (S1) was synthesized from 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde and p-phenylenediamine and it was found to exhibit interesting aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics. In aprotic solvent, S1 displayed very weak fluorescence, whilst strong emission was observed when in protic solvent. The morphology characteristics and luminescent properties of S1 were determined from the fluorescence and UV absorption spectra, SEM, fluorescence microscope and grading analysis. Analysis of the single crystal diffraction data infers that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding constitutes to a coplanar structure and orderly packing in aggregated state, which in turn hinders intramolecular C-N single bond rotation. Given that the three benzene rings formed a large plane conjugated structure, the fluorescence emission was significantly enhanced. The absolute fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime also showed that radiation transition was effectively enhanced in the aggregated state. Moreover, the AIEE behavior of S1 suggests there is a potential application in the fluorescence sensing of some volatile organic solvents

Research progress on the pathogenesis of arthritis

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) pathogenesis is not very clear, but it may be associated with specific components of various infectious microorganisms as foreign antigens for people with a genetic background, activate immune cells, and trigger an abnormal immune response by directly damaging or secreting cytokines, autoantibodies. Cause damage and degeneration of our own organization. Especially certain bacteria, viruses, special components (such as HSP) can be used as superantigens, T cells are activated directly by binding to T cell receptors (TCR) with a special variable region β chain (chain) structure and stimulate immune damage. Self-tissue denaturing components (endogenous antigens), can also be used as an antigen to trigger an immune response to its own tissue components. Further aggravate the immune damage. Intestinal microbial groups and environmental factors may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of JIA

Effect of Canagliflozin on Renal Threshold for Glucose, Glycemia, and Body Weight in Normal and Diabetic Animal Models

Background: Canagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: 14 C-alpha-methylglucoside uptake in Chinese hamster ovary-K cells expressing human, rat, or mouse SGLT2 or SGLT1; 3 H-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in L6 myoblasts; and 2-electrode voltage clamp recording of oocytes expressing human SGLT3 were analyzed. Graded glucose infusions were performed to determine rate of urinary glucose excretion (UGE) at different blood glucose (BG) concentrations and the renal threshold for glucose excretion (RTG) in vehicle or canagliflozin-treated Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacodynamic effects of canagliflozin in vitro and in preclinical models of T2DM and obesity. Results: Treatment with canagliflozin 1 mg/kg lowered RT G from 415612 mg/dl to 94610 mg/dl in ZDF rats while maintaining a threshold relationship between BG and UGE with virtually no UGE observed when BG was below RTG. Canagliflozin dose-dependently decreased BG concentrations in db/db mice treated acutely. In ZDF rats treated for 4 weeks, canagliflozin decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and improved measures of insulin secretion. In obese animal models, canagliflozin increased UGE and decreased BG, body weight gain, epididymal fat, liver weight, and the respiratory exchange ratio

Structural variation and introgression from wild populations in East Asian cattle genomes confer adaptation to local environment

BACKGROUND: Structural variations (SVs) in individual genomes are major determinants of complex traits, including adaptability to environmental variables. The Mongolian and Hainan cattle breeds in East Asia are of taurine and indicine origins that have evolved to adapt to cold and hot environments, respectively. However, few studies have investigated SVs in East Asian cattle genomes and their roles in environmental adaptation, and little is known about adaptively introgressed SVs in East Asian cattle. RESULTS: In this study, we examine the roles of SVs in the climate adaptation of these two cattle lineages by generating highly contiguous chromosome-scale genome assemblies. Comparison of the two assemblies along with 18 Mongolian and Hainan cattle genomes obtained by long-read sequencing data provides a catalog of 123,898 nonredundant SVs. Several SVs detected from long reads are in exons of genes associated with epidermal differentiation, skin barrier, and bovine tuberculosis resistance. Functional investigations show that a 108-bp exonic insertion in SPN may affect the uptake of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages, which might contribute to the low susceptibility of Hainan cattle to bovine tuberculosis. Genotyping of 373 whole genomes from 39 breeds identifies 2610 SVs that are differentiated along a "north-south" gradient in China and overlap with 862 related genes that are enriched in pathways related to environmental adaptation. We identify 1457 Chinese indicine-stratified SVs that possibly originate from banteng and are frequent in Chinese indicine cattle. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the unique contribution of SVs in East Asian cattle to environmental adaptation and disease resistance

Asymmetric Discrete Graph Hashing

Recently, many graph based hashing methods have been emerged to tackle large-scale problems. However, there exists two major bottlenecks: (1) directly learning discrete hashing codes is an NP-hardoptimization problem; (2) the complexity of both storage and computational time to build a graph with n data points is O(n2). To address these two problems, in this paper, we propose a novel yetsimple supervised graph based hashing method, asymmetric discrete graph hashing, by preserving the asymmetric discrete constraint and building an asymmetric affinity matrix to learn compact binary codes.Specifically, we utilize two different instead of identical discrete matrices to better preserve the similarity of the graph with short binary codes. We generate the asymmetric affinity matrix using m (m << n) selected anchors to approximate the similarity among all training data so that computational time and storage requirement can be significantly improved. In addition, the proposed method jointly learns discrete binary codes and a low-dimensional projection matrix to further improve the retrieval accuracy. Extensive experiments on three benchmark large-scale databases demonstrate its superior performance over the recent state of the arts with lower training time costs

Experimental Investigation of Oil Recovery from Tight Sandstone Oil Reservoirs by Pressure Depletion

Oil production by natural energy of the reservoir is usually the first choice for oil reservoir development. Conversely, to effectively develop tight oil reservoir is challenging due to its ultra-low formation permeability. A novel platform for experimental investigation of oil recovery from tight sandstone oil reservoirs by pressure depletion has been proposed in this paper. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of pressure depletion degree, pressure depletion rate, reservoir temperature, overburden pressure, formation pressure coefficient and crude oil properties on oil recovery by reservoir pressure depletion. In addition, the characteristics of pressure propagation during the reservoir depletion process were monitored and studied. The experimental results showed that oil recovery factor positively correlated with pressure depletion degree when reservoir pressure was above the bubble point pressure. Moreover, equal pressure depletion degree led to the same oil recovery factor regardless of different pressure depletion rate. However, it was noticed that faster pressure drop resulted in a higher oil recovery rate. For oil reservoir without dissolved gas (dead oil), oil recovery was 2–3% due to the limited reservoir natural energy. In contrast, depletion from live oil reservoir resulted in an increased recovery rate ranging from 11% to 18% due to the presence of dissolved gas. This is attributed to the fact that when reservoir pressure drops below the bubble point pressure, the dissolved gas expands and pushes the oil out of the rock pore spaces which significantly improves the oil recovery. From the pressure propagation curve, the reason for improved oil recovery is that when the reservoir pressure is lower than the bubble point pressure, the dissolved gas constantly separates and provides additional pressure gradient to displace oil. The present study will help engineers to have a better understanding of the drive mechanisms and influencing factors that affect development of tight oil reservoirs, especially for predicting oil recovery by reservoir pressure depletion