The Correlation Between Literature, Drama and Film: A Discussion of ‘A Wife in Musashino’

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the close correlation between Ōoka Shohei’s A Wife in Musashino, published in 1950 and its adaptations. This correlation between A Wife in Musashino and its adaptations allows us to find that the original text does not merely influence its adaptations, but also that their relations have interacting factors. This paper addresses Fukuda Tsuneari’s drama adaptation, staged in 1951 and Mizoguchi Kenji’s film adaptation, released in 1951. In an attempt to examine the correlation, this paper compares the original novel with its adaptations. The comparative analysis discusses the following points. First, I examine the commonalities and differences of the ending between Fukuda’s drama, Mizoguchi’s film, and Ōoka’s novel by examining how the ending of Ōoka’s novel is transformed by Fukuda and Mizoguchi. Second, I examine the commonalities and differences of Michiko’s suicide by focusing on the ‘accidental’ factors. Ōoka and Fukuda commented on the accidental factors in their novel and drama respectively. By looking at these comments more closely, I analyze the intertextuality between Ōoka and Fukuda. This paper shows that the correlation between A Wife in Musashino and its adaptations provides us with diverse ways to interpret and create. 要旨1950年1月から9月にかけて、大岡昇平は、『武蔵野夫人』を『群像』に連載している。この小説は、発表当時において、文学座により上演され、さらに、溝口健二により映画化されるなど、様々なメディアにおいて変奏されてきた作品である。福田恆存により脚色された『戯曲　武蔵野夫人』は、1951年5月、文学座により上演された。その後、雲の会編集『演劇』創刊号にその脚本が掲載されている。また、1951年9月には、溝口健二が監督した東宝映画『武蔵野夫人』が公開されている。本稿では、原作である大岡昇平の『武蔵野夫人』を、福田恆存が脚色した『戯曲　武蔵野夫人』、溝口健二が監督した映画『武蔵野夫人』と比較考察することで、原作が、どのような形や方法で、それぞれの作品において用いられているのかを検討する。具体的には、以下の２点を中心に検討する。（１）それぞれの作品における結末が、原作をどのように構成したものであるのか。（２）道子の自殺という事件に至る展開をどのように表現したのか。本稿における比較考察を通して、小説『武蔵野夫人』と演劇『戯曲　武蔵野夫人』、映画『武蔵野夫人』という異なるメディア間の相関を明らかにしたい

Radiation damage to the normal monkey brain: experimental study induced by interstitial irradiation.

Radiation damage to normal brain tissue induced by interstitial irradiation with iridium-192 seeds was sequentially evaluated by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological examination. This study was carried out in 14 mature Japanese monkeys. The experimental area received more than 200-260 Gy of irradiation developed coagulative necrosis. Infiltration of macrophages to the periphery of the necrotic area was seen. In addition, neovascularization, hyalinization of vascular walls, and gliosis were found in the periphery of the area invaded by the macrophages. All sites at which the vascular walls were found to have acute stage fibrinoid necrosis eventually developed coagulative necrosis. The focus of necrosis was detected by MRI starting 1 week after the end of radiation treatment, and the size of the necrotic area did not change for 6 months. The peripheral areas showed clear ring enhancement with contrast material. Edema surrounding the lesions was the most significant 1 week after radiation and was reduced to a minimum level 1 month later. However, the edema then expanded once again and was sustained for as long as 6 months. CT did not provide as clear of a presentation as MRI, but it did reveal similar findings for the most part, and depicted calcification in the necrotic area. This experimental model is considered useful for conducting basic research on brachytherapy, as well as for achieving a better understanding of delayed radiation necrosis.</p

Electro-spinon in one-dimensional Mott insulator

The low-energy dynamical optical response of dimerized and undimerized spin liquid states in a one-dimensional charge transfer Mott insulator is theoretically studied. An exact analysis is given for the low-energy asymptotic behavior using conformal field theory for the undimerized state. In the dimerized state, the infrared absorption due to the bound state of two solitons, i.e, the breather mode, is predicted with an accurate estimate for its oscillator strength, offering a way to detect experimentally the excited singlet state. Effects of external magnetic fields are also discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, some typos are correcte

Targeting protein homodimerization: A novel drug discovery system

AbstractTo identify a novel class of antibiotics, we have developed a high-throughput genetic system for targeting the homodimerization (HD system) of histidine kinase (HK), which is essential for a bacterial signal transduction system (two-component system, TCS). By using the HD system, we screened a chemical library and identified a compound, I-8-15 (1-dodecyl-2-isopropylimidazole), that specifically inhibited the dimerization of HK encoded by the YycG gene of Staphylococcus aureus and induced concomitant bacterial cell death. I-8-15 also showed antibacterial activity against MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis) with MICs at 25 and 50μg/ml, respectively

Clinical and pathologic features of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene mutation

Clinical and pathologic features of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene mutation.BackgroundSeveral families have been described in which an A to G transition mutation at position 3243 (A3243G) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). However, the prevalence, clinical features, and pathophysiology of FSGS carrying mtDNA mutations are largely undefined.MethodsAmong 11 biopsy-proven primary FSGS patients of unknown etiology, we examined seven FSGS patients to determine whether any of the clinical and pathological features of FSGS were associated with an A3243G mtDNA mutation. In four subjects in whom the A3243G mtDNA mutation was discovered in blood leukocytes, as well as in urine sediments, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records and re-evaluated the renal biopsy specimen using light and electron microscopy. We further screened the patient's family members for the presence and degree of heteroplasmy for this mtDNA mutation and obtained medical histories that were consistent with mitochondrial cytopathy.ResultsThe four individuals identified with the A3243G mtDNA mutation were female. Proteinuria was diagnosed in these individuals during a routine annual health checkup in their teenage years. None of the patients showed any symptoms related to mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode, whereas diabetes mellitus in two of the patients and a hearing disturbance in one patient became manifest within a 3- to 13-year follow-up period. Strict maternal transmitted inheritance was confirmed by pedigree studies in all of these patients. Steroid therapy was ineffective in all four patients. In two of these patients, renal function declined slowly to end-stage renal failure. Histologic examination of biopsy specimens revealed that glomeruli were not hypertrophied, while electron microscopic examination identified severely damaged, multinucleated podocytes containing extremely dysmorphic abnormal mitochondria in all patients.ConclusionsFSGS may belong to the spectrum of renal involvement in A3243G mtDNA mutation in humans. Severely injured podocytic changes containing abnormal mitochondria may explain the pathogenesis of FSGS in association with the A3243G mtDNA mutation

Cross-breed comparisons identified a critical 591-kb region for bovine carcass weight QTL (CW-2) on chromosome 6 and the Ile-442-Met substitution in NCAPG as a positional candidate

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Growth-related traits have been mapped on bovine chromosome 6 (BTA 6) in various bovine breed populations. We previously mapped a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for carcass and body weight (<it>CW-2</it>) between 38 and 55 cM on BTA 6 using a Japanese Black half-sib family. Additional QTL mapping studies detected four QTL for body or carcass weight that overlapped with <it>CW-2 </it>in Japanese Black and Japanese Brown half-sib families. To map the region in greater detail, we applied cross-breed comparisons of haplotypes that have been shown to be powerful in canine.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We used 38 microsatellite markers to search for a shared <it>Q </it>(increasing carcass and/or body weight) haplotype within the 17-cM <it>CW-2 </it>region among five sires. Linkage disequilibrium mapping using maternal alleles of the offspring showed that an 815-kb shared <it>Q </it>haplotype was associated with body or carcass weight in both breeds. The addition of 43 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers narrowed the region to 591 kb containing 4 genes. The SNP changing Ile-442 to Met in <it>NCAPG </it>(chromosome condensation protein G) was significantly associated with carcass weight (<it>p </it>< 1.2 × 10^-11) in a large Japanese Black population as well as in the five families. The <it>Q </it>allele of the SNP was also associated with a larger longissimus muscle area and thinner subcutaneous fat thickness in steers of all five families, indicating that the <it>CW-2 </it>locus is pleiotropic and favorable for marker-assisted selection of beef cattle.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A 591-kb critical region for <it>CW-2 </it>was identified. The SNP changing Ile-442 to Met in <it>NCAPG </it>(chromosome condensation protein G) can be used as a positional candidate of <it>CW-2 </it>for marker-assisted selection.</p

Effect of intracarotid infusion of etoposide: modification of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-tumor barrier in rat brain tumor model

The effect of intracarotid infusion of etoposide on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain-tumor barrier (BTB) was investigated using a model of rats injected with C6 glioma cells. Fifty four glioma-bearing rats were divided into 3 groups and treated with 0, 3, or 15 mg/kg of etoposide infused into the internal carotid artery. BBB or BTB permeability was evaluated qualitatively by the leakage of Evans blue (6 animals in each group) or quantitatively by the diffusion of carboplatin [cis-diammine (1,1-cyclobutane-dicarboxylato) platinum(II); CBDCA] (12 animals in each group) into the normal brain or the tumor tissue. BBB and BTB disruption augmented significantly in proportion to the dose of etoposide. The degree of disruption of BTB was greater than that of BBB, but the rate of disruption of BBB in proportion to increasing the dose of etoposide was higher than that in the BTB. Histopathologically, no obvious changes were observed in the animals of either the control group or the 3 mg/kg group but degenerative changes in the neurons of the hippocampus of the infused hemisphere were seen in the 15 mg/kg group. This change is thought to be caused by apoptosis because of the positive reaction with TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Our results suggest that intracarotid infusion of etoposide can increase drug delivery of concurrent antitumor agents into tumor tissue, but cerebral parenchymal cell damage is expected with a higher dosage of etoposide. Therefore, the dosage of etoposide for intracarotid infusion should be lower than 15 mg/kg in order to reduce neurotoxicity of both etoposide and concurrent anticancer drugs.</p

Treatment of Symptomatic Non-Parasitic Liver Cysts–Surgical Treatment Versus Alcohol Injection Therapy

Fourteen patients with benign symptomatic non-parasitic cysts of the liver were either surgically treated, had alcohol injected into the cysts, underwent deroofing of the cyst or in 5, a cystectomy was done. Alcohol was injected into 6 patients and there has been no recurrence for as long as 5 years and 8 months after the treatment. Liver dysfunction occurred in 3 patients given blood transfusion during the surgery and/or postoperative course, an elevated temperature (over 39℃) occurred in one patient. Adverse effects of alcohol injections were minor and transient. Based on our experience, the injection of alcohol is an effective treatment for benign symptomatic cyst of the liver. When a malignancy is suspected on imaging and/or cytologic studies, or when alcohol administration is ineffective, then surgery is indicated