Entanglement Cost of Three-Level Antisymmetric States

We show that the entanglement cost of the three-dimensional antisymmetric states is one ebit.Comment: 8page

New BPS Solitons in 2+1 Dimensional Noncommutative CP^1 Model

Investigating the solitons in the non-commutative $CP^{1}$ model, we have found a new set of BPS solitons which does not have counterparts in the commutative model.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX2e, references added, improvements to discussions, Version to be published in JHE

On a Unified Definition of the Service System: What is its Identity?

In this paper, a unified definition of the service system is proposed. The motivation of this research effort is based on our observation that there are diverse definitions or descriptions of the service system in the literature and they have not provided an identity of the service system. Our goal to define the service system is thus to establish its identity. The most salient feature in our definition is the introduction of three subsystems in a service system: infrastructure, substance, and management. The substance flows over the infrastructure under the constraints of management. A service is established at the moment when the substance interacts with the human to cause a change in the human's status or state under a protocol, which further meets the human's request and need. With this new definition, a service system can be distinguished from other systems, such as manufacturing system, agricultural system, and product system. The new definition will be useful to classification of various service systems and various theories for service systems, which is the key to knowledge management for service systems and to optimization of design and management of service systems. © 2014 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Solitons of Sigma Model on Noncommutative Space as Solitons of Electron System

We study the relationship of soliton solutions for electron system with those of the sigma model on the noncommutative space, working directly in the operator formalism. We find that some soliton solutions of the sigma model are also the solitons of the electron system and are classified by the same topological numbers.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX2e, improvements to discussions, Version to be published in JHE

Energetic perspective on emergent inductance exhibited by magnetic textures in the pinned regime

Spatially varying magnetic textures can exhibit electric-current-induced dynamics as a result of the spin-transfer torque effect. When such a magnetic system is electrically driven, an electric field is generated, which is called the emergent electric field. In particular, when magnetic-texture dynamics are induced under the application of an AC electric current, the emergent electric field also appears in an AC manner, notably, with an out-of-phase time profile, thus exhibiting inductor behaviour, often called an emergent inductor. Here we show that the emergent inductance exhibited by magnetic textures in the pinned regime can be explained in terms of the current-induced energy stored in the magnetic system. We numerically find that the inductance values defined from the emergent electric field and the current-induced magnetization-distortion energy, respectively, are in quantitative agreement in the so-called adiabatic limit. Our findings indicate that emergent inductors retain the basic concept of conventional inductors; that is, the energy is stored under the application of electric current