Unique thermal behavior of sphingomyelin species with nonhydroxy and 2-hydroxy very-long-chain (C28-C32) PUFAs

In rat germ cells and spermatozoa, sphingomyelin (SM) contains molecular species with nonhydroxy (n) and 2-hydroxy (h) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (V), the most abundant being SMs with (n- and h-) 28:4n-6, 30:5n-6, and 32:5n-6 as acyl chains. The aim of this study was to gain information about their thermotropic behavior and interactions with other lipids. After isolation from rat testis, multilamellar and giant unilamellar vesicles from these SMs were examined using fluorescent probes. Only n-32:5 SM and h-32:5 SM displayed a gel-liquid transition temperature (Tt ≈ 21?22°C), the rest remaining in the liquid state in the 5°C?45°C range. The degree of order was larger in bilayers of any of the h-V SMs than in those of their chain-matched n-V SMs. Both, but n-V SM relatively more than h-V SM, decreased the Tt of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine as their proportion increased in binary phosphatidylcholine:SM liposomes. In contrast to the established ability of 16:0 SM to form lateral cholesterol/SM-rich ordered domains in ternary dioleoylphosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:SM bilayers, neither n-V SM nor h-V SM showed a tendency to do so. Thus, these SMs are in the fluid state and are not involved in this type of domains in spermatozoa at physiological temperatures. However, this state could be altered at the very low temperatures at which these gametes are usually preserved.Fil: Peñalva, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahia Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahia Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Gustavo H.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Aveldaño, Marta Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahia Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Antollini, Silvia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahia Blanca (i); Argentin

Very long chain PUFA in murine testicular triglycerides and cholesterol esters

Very long chain (VLC) PUFA of the n-6 and n-3 series are known to occur in mammalian testis. The aim of this work was to characterize further two testicular lipid classes with VLCPUFA, cholesterol esters (CE) and total triglycerides (TG) in rat and mouse testis. The VLCPUFA predominating in these lipids were a series of n-6 pentaenes and tetraenes with 24 to 32 carbons, including small amounts of odd-chain PUFA, 28:5n-6 and 24:5n-6 prevailing in CE and TG, respectively. Most of the VLCPUFA of TG were concentrated in a small fraction of TG, made up by 1-O-alkyl-2,3-DAG. This TG subclass was absent altogether from the TG of sexually immature testis. The TG and the CE with VLCPUFA only occurred in testis of adult fertile animals. The proportion of VLCPUFA in total TG and CE was higher in rodents than in other mammals. In the n-6 PUFA-rich adult mouse testis, the amounts of testicular triacylglycerols decreased significantly after consumption of fish oil for 2 wk. Whereas 18:2n-6 was significantly reduced, the amounts of 22:5n-6 and longer n-6 PUFA were less affected in all major testicular lipids including PC and PE, where they were unchanged. The 1-O-alkyl-2,3-DAG and their n-6 VLCPUFA were virtually unaffected by the diet. The VLCPUFA-containing molecular species of CE and TG may represent a form of storage of cholesterol and polyenoic FA required to sustain spermatogenesis. Via chain-shortening, VLCPUFA stored in the neutral lipids may serve as precursors of the major C22 PUFA typical of cell membrane glycerophospholipids, protecting testicular cells against shifts in FA composition induced by dietary changes.Fil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado, Eduardo Néstor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Aveldaño, Marta Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentin

The inhibition of microtubule dynamics instability alters lipid homeostasis in TM4 Sertoli cells

Sertoli cells (SC) structurally support and transport nutrients to germ cells during spermatogenesis facilitated by an active cytoskeleton. Chemical perturbation of SC microtubule (MT) dynamics instability leads to premature germ cell exfoliation demonstrating that this process is essential for male fertility, yet the effects of MT damaging drugs on SC lipid metabolism have been less explored. The aim of this study was to advance our understanding of how adequate SC MT dynamicity is needed to finely tune lipid homeostasis. To elucidate the role of MT dynamics instability on the latter, we suppressed MT dynamicity by long-term exposures to 10 nM of nocodazole (NCZ) on TM4-SC cultures. Inhibition of MT dynamics instability affected the distribution of [3H] arachidonate on TM4-SC. Triacylglycerols (TAG) exhibited a higher proportion of the [3H] label, with significantly lower percentages in the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin, and notably, also in phosphatidylethanolamine. A noteworthy and progressive accumulation of lipid droplets during the period of exposure to NCZ was accompanied by increased TAG levels but not cholesterol levels in TM4-SC. NCZ-exposed cells reduced their mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS production without triggering apoptosis, had a compromised autophagic flux, and lost their transferrin expression. Although SC morphology was preserved, the NCZ-exposed cells displayed alteration of the normal organization of microfilaments (f-actin) and intermediate filaments (vimentin). Our findings suggest that a preserved MT dynamicity is essential in the maintenance of lipid and fatty acids homeostasis in SC, and thus highlights a novel target in these cells for drugs that impair MT dynamicity.Fil: Valles, Ana Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Tenconi, Paula Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Luquez, Jessica Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Altering microtubule polymerization in Sertoli cells strongly affects their lipid metabolism

The aim of this work was to study the biological consequences of altering microtubule polymerization in Sertoli cells, with a special focus on their lipid metabolism. For this purpose, the effect of longterm exposures to nocodazole (NCZ) (0.01 µM) was studied on TM4 cells in culture. In addition to the expected effect of NCZ on the depolymerization of tubulin microtubules, a remarkable reorganization was observed in the intermediate flament network (vimentin), which showed a more peripheral distribution than in untreated cells. As compared to cells cultured in control conditions, those exposed to NCZ displayed an increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization (p<0.001). Their plasma membrane integrity was concomitantly altered, as shown by a considerable increase in the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (p<0.01) released into the culture medium. In addition, the cell proliferation was signifcantly reduced (p<0.003) in NCZ-exposed cells. That the drug induced a major alteration on lipid biosynthesis was clearly apparent from a signifcant increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) levels (p<0.0002) and a massive accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of cells. This observation was sustained by following the incorporation and distribution of labeled arachidonic acid ([3H]AA). After 1 hour of incubation, the most highly [3H]-labeled lipid class were TAG in control cells, but choline glycerophospholipids in drug-treated cells. Interestingly 72 hours later, the percentages of label in TAG and cholesterol esters were about twice higher in NCZ-treated than in control cells. We conclude that the cytoskeletal alterations that Sertoli cells undergo after being exposed to NCZ, through their impact on mitochondrial functions and cytoplasmic architecture, are closely involved in the deranged lipid metabolism induced by the drug.Fil: Picardi, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Aveldaño, Marta Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Valles, Ana Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaReunión Conjunta de Sociedades de BiocienciasBuenos AiresArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Investigacion ClinicaSociedad Argentina de Investigación Bioquímica y Biología MolecularSociedad Argentina de InmunologíaSociedad Argentina de AndrologiaSociedad Argentina de BiofísicaSociedad Argentina de BiologiaSociedad Argentina de Farmacología ExperimentalSociedad Argentina de FisiologiaSociedad Argentina de HematologiaSociedad Argentina de Protozoologi

Reversibility of the changes induced by n-3 fatty acids in mouse plasma, liver and blood cell lipids

The changes induced by dietary n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the lipids and FA of plasma, liver and blood cells, and their reversibility, was studied in mice given a diet containing 9% fish oil (FO) for 2 weeks and then returned to, and kept for another 2 weeks on, the usual standard lab chow diet. In plasma, the concentrations of phospholipids (PL), mostly phosphatidylcholine (PC), triacylglycerols (TG), cholesterol and cholesterol esters (CE) decreased rapidly after starting the FO diet, and remained low from day 3 onwards. This decrease was concomitant with a remarkable reduction in the n-6 FA, especially 18:2n-6, not compensated for by the relative enrichment in n-3 FA induced by FO. In liver, TG and CE decreased and PL slightly increased, all of them showing reduced n-6/n-3 ratios. Sphingomyelin, which lacks polyunsaturated FA other than small amounts of 18:2 and 24:2n-6, showed altered ratios between its very long chain monoenes and saturates. In the washout phase, the most rapid event was an immediate increase in 18:2n-6 and after a few days in 20:4n-6 in plasma and liver, where most of the lipid and FA changes were reversed completely in about 10 days. In the case of blood cells even 2 weeks were insufficient for a reversal to the initial n-6/n-3 ratios. The lipid class responsible for this lack of reversibility was phosphatidylethanolamine, PC having returned to the initial fatty acid composition during the stated period.Fil: Maldonado, Eduardo N.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Pennacchiotti, Graciela Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Aveldaño, Marta Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Pressure sensitivity as an indicator of impaired proprioception in ASD

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions, communication deficits, and restricted interests and behaviors. It is well documented that autistic children present severe difficulties in sensory processing, including proprioceptive and vestibular systems. The poor proprioceptive processing among ASD children impairs basic functions such as gross motor skills, postural control, organization of space, modulation of muscle force and effort and suitable motor patterns involved in imitation. A general concern among parents and educators is the frequent insensitivity to pain and lack of modulation of physical force of autistic children, which often leads to unintentional situations of aggression to peers or self-injurious behaviors. Objective.– The aim of this work is to assess if perception of pressure sensitivity is impaired in ASD children compared to neurotypical children. We hypothesized that the record of pressure sensitivity could be a potential indicator of the child’s proprioceptive modulation and processing. Results.– To assess this hypothesis we recruited 40 3–12 years old children with ASD and 40 age-matched neurotypical children from Patagonia (Argentina). Pressure sensitivity was measured using a conventional manual sphygmomanometer. In the autism group, pressure sensitivity in both arms and legs was significantly diminished in comparison with control group. This decrement correlated with difficulties in gross motor skills and some insensitivity to pain, both reported by parents and educators. Conclusion.– These results reinforce our hypothesis and highlight the importance of including proprioceptive techniques in intervention programs for ASD children in order to improve their body perception and subsequently social interaction.Fil: Sindelar, M. T.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Dirección General de Cultura y Educación. Universidad Provincial del Sudoeste; ArgentinaFil: Suman, Susan. No especifíca;Fil: Tarayre, Ana P.. No especifíca;Fil: Barrientos, P.. No especifíca;Fil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina26th European Congress of PsychiatryNizaFranciaEuropean Psychiatric Associatio

Maternal fructose consumption impacts on the developmental outcome of its progeny

Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to mater- nal obesity increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Given the rise in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clinical condition closely related to obesity, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms by which maternal MetS might impact offspring behavior and brain function. Ten, two-months-old female Wistar rats from our colony were sep- arated in two groups of five rats each, control (C) and fructose 20% (F). The former drank tap water while the later drank fructose 20 % (w/v) ad libitum during 10 weeks. Both F- and C dams were mated to chow-fed male rats on the 7th week of treatment and maintained on their respective diets throughout pregnancy and sacrificed on day 4 postpartum. At postnatal day (PN) 1, the progeny from both groups were separated from their mothers and continued lactating from control nurse dams. From PN3-PN21 neurodevelopmental re- flexes were evaluated. At PN22 all pups were weaned and behav- ioral tests (open field, marble test, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, social reciprocal interaction test, tail flick test, rotarod, Kondziela’s inverted screen test) were performed on 4- to 12-week- old female and male rats. Results were considered statistically dif- ferent between the C and the F group when a p value of 5% or lower (p< 0.05) was obtained when applying the t-student test. Our findings strongly associate maternal fructose consumption with the induction of MetS and infertility. In addition, offspring from the F group presented alterations in the developmental milestones and social behavior; decreased grip strength and increased anxiety. Fur- thermore, long term memory also showed a tendency to be reduced. No modifications were noted in compulsive like behaviors, locomo- tion nor in nociception. All in all, maternal fructose consumption im- pacts on the developmental outcome of its progeny.Fil: Cuervo, Sanchez Marié. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Prado Spalm, Facundo Heber. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Valles, Ana Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaReunión anual de las Sociedades de Biociencia: LXVI Reunión anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica; LXIX Reunión anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Immunología; LIII Reunión anual de la Asociación Argentina de Farmacología Experimental y XI Reunión anual de la Asociación Argentina de NanomedicinasBuenos AiresArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Investigación ClínicaSociedad Argentina de InmunologíaAsociación Argentina de Farmacología ExperimentalAsociación Argentina de Nanomedicina

Lipid peroxidation and neuroinflammation: A possible link between maternal fructose intake and delay of acquisition of neonatal reflexes in Wistar female rats

Fructose is a common sweetener found in the daily diet supplemented to many processed and ultra-processed foods and beverages. Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages has drastically increased in the last decades and is widely associated with metabolic disease, systemic pro-inflammatory status, and adverse transgenerational effects. To date, the impact of maternal fructose intake in brain function of the offspring is less explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was first, to investigate adverse effects in developmental milestones of the progeny of mothers with metabolic syndrome (MetS), induced by ad libitum consumption of a 20% fructose solution, and second to identify possible molecular changes in the nervous system of the newborns associated with maternal fructose intake. Wistar rats were randomly separated into two groups with access to water or fructose (20% w/v in water) for 10 weeks. After MetS was confirmed, dams were mated with control males and continued drinking water or fructose solution during gestation. At postnatal day (PN) 1, a subgroup of offspring of each sex was sacrificed and brains were dissected for oxidative stress and inflammatory status analysis. Changes in the developmental milestones due to maternal fructose consumption were studied (PN3–PN21) in another subgroup of offspring. Sexually dimorphic effects were found on the progeny's acquisition of neurodevelopmental milestones, in brain lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation, and antioxidative defensive response. Our results suggest that dams’ MetS, induced by fructose intake, disrupts brain redox homeostasis in female offspring and affects sensorimotor brain circuitry which may have a translational value for studying neurodevelopmental diseases.Fil: Prado Spalm, Facundo Heber. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Cuervo Sanchez, Marie Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Valles, Ana Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Aportes morfológicos y morfométricos sobre Echinococcus granulosus para vacuna ovina EG95

Se describe el estadío adulto de la cepa de Echinococcus granulosus, utilizada en la validación de la Vacuna Ovina EG95 en el marco del Programa de Control de Hidatidosis (Provincia de Chubut, Argentina), con el propósito de medir la efectividad de la vacuna Ovina EG95, elaborada por el Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular de la Universidad de Melbourne de Australia. Se estudiaron treinta ejemplares adultos de E. granulosus (conservados en formol al 10%) cuyo tamaño osciló entre 1,6 y 5,1 mm de largo. Los resultados mostraron que, además de su escólex, el parásito adulto presenta entre 3 y 5 proglótidos. En los ejemplares observados la proglótida grávida siempre era la última, independientemente de la cantidad de proglótidas presentes. El promedio de huevos de cada proglótido grávida fue 525 por parásito (rango de 405-808).Fil: Costamagna, Sixto Raul. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Jensen, Oscar. Programa Control de Hidatidosis; ArgentinaFil: Brugnoni, Lorena Inés. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Furland, Natalia Edith. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: German, Olga Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin