Antibody to CMRF35-Like Molecule 2, CD300e A Novel Biomarker Detected in Patients with Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes

<div><p>Aims/Hypothesis</p><p>Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a distinct subtype of type 1 diabetes and is fatal without immediate diagnosis and treatment. At present, there are no biomarkers for early and predictive detection of FT1D.</p><p>Methods</p><p>First, we analyzed a total of 6 serum samples from 3 patients with FT1D (1 sample in the acute and 1 in the sub-acute phases from each patient) by seromic analysis. Second, titres of the antibody were measured by ELISA in sera from 30 patients with FT1D (both in the acute and sub-acute phases), 13 patients with FT1D in the chronic phase, 32 patients with autoimmune type 1 (type 1A) diabetes (T1AD), 30 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), 23 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and 31 healthy control subjects (HC).</p><p>Results</p><p>Seromic analysis revealed 9 antibodies which showed high signals from all 3 patients with FT1D in the acute phase. Among them, the titre of anti-CD300e antibody was significantly higher in FT1D patients in the acute phase than that in T1AD, T2D, AITD patients and HC, as determined by ELISA (P<0.01, respectively). The titre of anti-CD300e antibody was also higher in FT1D in the acute phase than that in the sub-acute phase (P = 0.0018, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The titre of anti-LGALS3 antibody in FT1D patients in the acute phase did not differ from that in patients with FT1D in the sub-acute phase, T1AD, T2D, AITD and HC.</p><p>Conclusion/Interpretation</p><p>The titre of a novel antibody, anti-CD300e, was high in sera from patients with FT1D. This antibody might be a diagnostic marker and provide new insight into the pathogenesis of FT1D.</p></div

Clinical characteristics of the subjects.

<p>Clinical characteristics of the subjects.</p

Titres of anti- LGALS3 antibody in sera, as determined by ELISA.

<p>Graph shows the titres of anti-LGALS3 antibody in sera from patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes in the acute phase (FT1D, A: n = 14), FT1D in the sub-acute phase (FT1D, SA: n = 14), type 1 diabetes (T1AD: n = 32), type 2 diabetes (T2D: n = 30), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD: n = 22) and healthy control subjects (HC: n = 31). The bars indicate the mean.</p

Clinical characteristics of 3 patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes in seromic analysis.

<p>Clinical characteristics of 3 patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes in seromic analysis.</p

ROC analysis of anti-CD300e antibody.

<p>A: ROC analysis of patients with FT1D in the acute phase (n = 26) and HC (n = 30). B: ROC analysis of patients with FT1D in the acute phase (n = 26) and T1AD (n = 32).</p

Titres of anti-CD300e antibody in sera, as determined by ELISA.

<p>A: Graph shows the titres of anti-CD300e antibody in sera from patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes in the acute phase (FT1D, A: n = 26), FT1D in the sub-acute phase (FT1D, SA: n = 26), FT1D in chronic phase (FT1D, C: n = 13), type 1A diabetes (T1AD: n = 32), type 2 diabetes (T2D: n = 30), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD: n = 22) and healthy control subjects (HC: n = 31). The bars indicate the median. B: Graph shows comparison of the anti-CD300e antibody titres between FT1D patients in the acute phase (A) and those in the sub-acute phase (SA). The units are all OD (arbitrary unit).</p

9 candidate antibodies in seromic analysis.

<p>9 candidate antibodies in seromic analysis.</p