Simple one step syntheses of indole-3-acetonitriles from indole-3-carboxaldehydes

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生理活性物質科学金沢大学薬学部One step conversion method of indole-3-carboxaldehydes into indole-3-acetonitriles is developed. Applying the method, 4-nitro- (7 a), 4-phenyl-(7 b), 4-iodo- (7 c), 4-methoxy- (7 d), and 4-benzyloxyindole-3-acetonitrile (7 e) are available in two steps from indole-3-carboxaldehyde (4)

Entrance surface dose measurements using a small OSL dosimeter with a computed tomography scanner having 320 rows of detectors

Entrance surface dose (ESD) measurements are important in X-ray computed tomography (CT) for examination, but in clinical settings it is difficult to measure ESDs because of a lack of suitable dosimeters. We focus on the capability of a small optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter. The aim of this study is to propose a practical method for using an OSL dosimeter to measure the ESD when performing a CT examination. The small OSL dosimeter has an outer width of 10 mm; it is assumed that a partial dose may be measured because the slice thickness and helical pitch can be set to various values. To verify our method, we used a CT scanner having 320 rows of detectors and checked the consistencies of the ESDs measured using OSL dosimeters by comparing them with those measured using Gafchromic™ films. The films were calibrated using an ionization chamber on the basis of half-value layer estimation. On the other hand, the OSL dosimeter was appropriately calibrated using a practical calibration curve previously proposed by our group. The ESDs measured using the OSL dosimeters were in good agreement with the reference ESDs from the Gafchromic™ films. Using these data, we also estimated the uncertainty of ESDs measured with small OSL dosimeters. We concluded that a small OSL dosimeter can be considered suitable for measuring the ESD with an uncertainty of 30 % during CT examinations in which pitch factors below 1.000 are applied

Asymmetric nature of two subunits of RAD18, a RING-type ubiquitin ligase E3, in the human RAD6A–RAD18 ternary complex

RAD18, a RING-type ubiquitin ligase (E3) that plays an essential role in post-replication repair, possesses distinct domains named RING, UBZ, SAP and the RAD6-binding domain (R6BD) and forms a dimer. RAD6, an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), stably associates with R6BD in the C-terminal portion. In this study, we established a method to distinguish between the two subunits of RAD18 by introduction of different tags, and analyzed mutant complexes. Our results, surprisingly, demonstrate that RAD6A and RAD18 form a ternary complex, RAD6A–(RAD18)2 and the presence of only one R6BD in the two RAD18 subunits is sufficient for ternary complex formation and the ligase activity. Interestingly, ligase activity of a mutant dimer lacking both R6BDs is not restored even with large amounts of RAD6A added in solution, suggesting a requirement for precise juxtaposition via interaction with R6BD. We further show that mutations in both subunits of either RING or SAP, but not UBZ, strongly reduce ligase activity, although inactivation in only one of two subunits is without effect. These results suggest an asymmetric nature of the two RAD18 subunits in the complex

ヒガシ ドロンイングモードランド セール・ロンダーネ サンチ チガク チョウサタイ ホウコク 2009–2010(JARE-51)

セール・ロンダーネ山地は,東南極・東ドロンイングモードランドに位置している.第51 次日本南極地域観測隊(JARE-51)夏隊の一部は2009-2010年の夏期に,セール・ロンダーネ山地においてベルギー南極観測隊(BELARE)との国際共同により地質,地形,隕石探査の地学野外調査を実施した.地質隊と地形隊はドロンイングモードランド航空ネットワーク(DROMLAN)によりセール・ロンダーネ山地に赴き,隕石探査隊は日本の新南極観測船「しらせ」の処女航海として南極に到着した.地質隊は山地東部を含むセール・ロンダーネ山地のほぼ全域をカバーし,地形隊は山地の西部および中央部で調査を行った.隕石探査隊は山地東部で調査を行った.野外活動は安全かつ成功裏に終了した.地質隊の一部はDROMLAN により帰国し,他のメンバーはセール・ロンダーネ山地からDROMLAN により昭和基地へ離脱したのち,「しらせ」により帰国した.本稿では設営,気象を含めた野外行動全般について報告する.Earth science-related field activities, involving geology, geomorphology and meteorite searches, were carried out in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Eastern Dronning Maud Land, during the 2009-2010 summer season as a part of the 51st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-51), in collaboration with the Belgian Antarctic Research Expedition (BELARE). Geology and geomorphology parties accessed the Sør Rondane Mountains using the Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN), and the meteoritesearch party to Antarctica on the maiden voyage by the new Japanese icebreaker Shirase. The geology party covered the entire area of the Sør Rondane Mountains, although with an emphasis on the eastern part. The geomorphology party carried out fieldwork in western and central parts of the mountains, and the meteorite search party performed a survey in the eastern part. All field activities were succes fully carried out. Some of the geology members returned to Japan by DROMLAN, while others flew to Syowa Station from the Sør Rondane Mountains by DROMLAN, and then returned to Japan on board Shirase. This report provides a summary of the field operations, including logistics and weather records