Additional file 1: of Prospective association of the Mediterranean diet with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality and its population impact in a non-Mediterranean population: the EPIC-Norfolk study

Text S1. Scoring method of the four Mediterranean diet scores. Table S1. Mediterranean dietary pattern scores, components and corresponding food frequency questionnaire items used in EPIC-Norfolk. Table S2. Pyramid based Mediterranean diet score (PyrMDS) scoring criteria. Table S3. Characteristics of dietary consumption of components of the Mediterranean diet at baseline and follow-up among 23,902 adults in EPIC-Norfolk. Table S4. Prospective association between fifths of the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and incident cardiovascular diseases in EPIC-Norfolk (n = 23,902, 7606 cases/269,935 person-years). Table S5. Associations of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with incident CVD when two measures of the adherence were evaluated simultaneously for comparison: EPIC-Norfolk Study. Table S6. Cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality and all-cause mortality, the number of cases and proportion preventable by increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet to the top third of the Mediterranean dietary score based on the dietary pyramid: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort. Table S7. Prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and incident cardiovascular diseases in EPIC-Norfolk: sensitivity analysis to examine robustness of the findings across different analytical approaches. Figure S1. Prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in EPIC-Norfolk: sensitivity analysis to examine influence of each component of the Mediterranean diet. (DOCX 215 kb

Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Organometallic Cobaltadithiaazulenes

Reaction of tropolone or hinokitiol with phosphorus pentasulfide (P₂S₅) directly gives the sulfurized precursor [PS₂(SST)]₂ or [PS₂(SSH)]₂ (SST = dithiotropolonato or SSH = dithiohinokitiolato). The resulting [PS₂(SST)]₂ or [PS₂(SSH)]₂ is further reacted with [CpCoI₂(CO)] (Cp = η⁵-cyclopentadienyl) to form the organometallic [CpCo­(I)­(SST)] (<b>1</b>) or [CpCo­(I)­(SSH)] (<b>2</b>), respectively. <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> have a cobaltadithiaazulene ring containing one cobalt and two sulfur atoms in the five-membered ring of azulene. Although X-ray structure analysis of <b>1</b> reveals the iodide-coordinated structure, <b>1</b> becomes the iodide-free complex [CpCo­(SST)]⁺ (<b>4</b>^<b>+</b>) in solution. Electrochemical studies of <b>4</b>^<b>+</b> by CV and spectroelectrochemical measurements (ESR, UV–vis–NIR) in solution are carried out. <b>4</b>^<b>+</b> is stepwise reduced by 2e^– to form the stable neutral radical (<b>4</b>^<b>•</b>) and unstable anion (<b>4</b>^<b>–</b>). It is proposed that the anion <b>4</b>^<b>–</b> undergoes dimerization to afford the dimer (<b>6</b>^<b>2–</b>) by anion radical coupling at the 5 or 7 position in the seven-membered ring of the cobaltadithiaazulene, since the similar anion radical coupling of a reduced azulene has been reported. Electrochemical reoxidation of <b>6</b>^<b>2–</b> slowly undergoes monomerization, giving the original monomer <b>4</b>^<b>•</b>. DFT calculation of <b>4</b>^<b>+</b> explains that there is a delocalized lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in the whole molecule, and that of radical <b>4</b>^<b>•</b> has a delocalized singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO). In these CpCo–SST (or SSH) complexes, there could be metal/ligand electron transfer since the SST (or SSH) ligand is potentially redox active. The spin density distribution of <b>4</b>^<b>–</b> obtained by the DFT method supports the mechanism of the anion radical coupling at the 5 or 7 position in the seven-membered ring

Effects on fasting glucose of isocaloric replacements between carbohydrate (CHO), saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) in randomised controlled feeding trials.

<p>Values represent pooled mean effects (95% CI) of specified macronutrient replacements, with other macronutrients held constant. *Significant heterogeneity across strata after correction for false-discovery rate (exploration of multiple characteristics for heterogeneity). †Estimates not shown due to wide 95% CIs; see <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002087#pmed.1002087.s005" target="_blank">S3 Table</a> for numeric information. 1 mg/dL = 0.0555 mmol/L.</p

Effects of isocaloric replacements between carbohydrate (CHO), saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on metrics of glucose-insulin homeostasis in randomised controlled feeding trials.^*

<p>Effects of isocaloric replacements between carbohydrate (CHO), saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on metrics of glucose-insulin homeostasis in randomised controlled feeding trials.^{<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002087#t002fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Characteristics of 102 randomised controlled feeding trials (total 239 intervention arms, 4,220 participants) evaluating effects of isocaloric replacement of dietary fats and carbohydrate on glucose-insulin homeostasis.^*

<p>Characteristics of 102 randomised controlled feeding trials (total 239 intervention arms, 4,220 participants) evaluating effects of isocaloric replacement of dietary fats and carbohydrate on glucose-insulin homeostasis.^{<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002087#t001fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Effects on fasting insulin of isocaloric replacements between carbohydrate (CHO), saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) in randomised controlled feeding trials.

<p>Values represent pooled mean effects (95% CI) of specified macronutrient replacements, with other macronutrients held constant. No significant sources of heterogeneity were detected. †Estimates not shown due to wide, 95% CIs; see <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002087#pmed.1002087.s005" target="_blank">S3 Table</a> for numeric information. 1 μIU/mL = 6 pmol/L.</p

Flow diagram of systematic review of published trials evaluating effects of isocaloric replacement between macronutrient consumption on glucose homeostasis.

<p>*See <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002087#pmed.1002087.s010" target="_blank">S3 Text</a> for details of the databases, eligibility criteria, search terms, and prior review articles.</p

Additional file 1: of Hepatic steatosis risk is partly driven by increased de novo lipogenesis following carbohydrate consumption

contains all the additional supplementary data in the form of a Word document. (DOCX 1130 kb

Association of branched-chain amino acid genetic scores with metabolites in the Fenland study.

<p>Associations of the BCAA scores with the BCAAs are highlighted in dark red. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval around the central estimate.BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; SD, standard deviation.</p

Design of the study.

<p>DIAGRAM, DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis.</p