The clinical link between type D personality and diabetes

Introduction: Type D personality consists of a mixture of high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition, resulting in a stable tendency to experience negative emotions, by inhibiting the expression of these emotions. We have reanalyzed the clinically relevant studies examining the role of this personality profile in diabetes, by providing a qualitative synthesis of the data. In this regard, the aim of this study is to provide a systematic review by evaluating the clinical link between Type D personality and diabetes. Method: When focusing on PRISMA guidelines, we have performed a comprehensive research of the literature on PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar by using search terms as "distressed personality" OR (i.e., Boolean operator) "Type D personality" combined with the Boolean "AND" operator with "diabetes." Results: A total of seven research studies were identified and included in the review. Type D was found to be more prevalent in diabetes patients than controls. As regards the specific association with diabetes variables, Type D personality is a significant predictor of both poor medication adherence and unhealthy behaviors, by predicting negative mental health consequences also (i.e., depressed mood, anhedonia, and anxiety). Conclusion: Our review emphasized for the first time that Type D personality affects clinical factors in patients with diabetes by provoking adverse outcomes. The core implication of the study comprises the clinical relevance to detect, from a clinimetric point of view, Type D personality in diabetes in order to prevent potentially negative clinical outcomes

Synthesis of carbon blacks and fullerenes from carbonaceous wastes by 3-phase AC thermal plasma

International audienceIn the current context of conventional fossil resource depletion, global warming and rising waste, thermal plasma appears as an interesting alternative compared to conventional thermochemical processes (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, cracking…) in the fields of energy and nanomaterial synthesis. The particular processing conditions due to thermal plasma (i.e. high temperatures and high enthalpy densities) allow using raw materials with Low Heating Value such as organic wastes (dried sewage sludge, plastics, used tires, sawdust…) or biomass (liquid, solid or gaseous) in the fields of energy and nanomaterial synthesis. This paper reviews the last developments of a 3-phase AC plasma technology for the treatment of domiciliary and industrial wastes for nanomaterial synthesis, particularly the preliminary results reached for the production of carbon blacks and fullerenes from thermochemical processing by plasma of plastics (HDPE pellets) and carbon black soot resulting from tire pyrolysis. Carbon blacks obtained from HDPE are well organized with physical characteristics similar to acetylene black and plasma treatment of tire carbon black soot shows that it is possible to produce fullerenes with this carbon precursor and with nitrogen plasma gas at atmospheric pressure

Comparison Between New Carbon Nanostructures Produced by Plasma with Industrial Carbon Black Grades

Among the large number of processes parameters in Carbon Black (CB) manufacturing, temperature is certainly one of the most important. Whatever the process and the feedstock are, all the processes have in common a limited temperature, as a result of the feedstock energy contain. In the first part of this paper, we establish relationships between temperature and texture of the blacks, based on the analysis of different CB grades. In a second step, we,try to give explanations of some possible relationships between processes parameters and applicative properties of the blacks. Then, we present a new plasma technology for CB production from hydrocarbons cracking. The original technology will allow to investigate, at a pilot scale, a wide range of temperatures. Preliminary results obtained with the pilot are presented.

2D Axisymmetric Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics–Kinetics Modeling of a Nonthermal Arc Plasma Torch for Diesel Fuel Reforming

International audienceThe present study is dedicated to the 2D axisymmetric coupled computational fluid dynamics–kinetics modeling of a plasma-assisted diesel fuel reformer developed for two different applications: (i) onboard H2 production for fuel-cell feeding and (ii) NOx trap regeneration. These cases correspond to very different reaction conditions. In the first case, diesel fuel reacts with air, while in the second case, it reacts with diesel engine exhaust gas. The plasma is modeled with a simple power source domain. n-Heptane has been chosen as a surrogate molecule for diesel fuel. A reduced kinetic mechanism is used for the study. Both cases have been studied under adiabatic and nonadiabatic postreactor conditions. We can distinguish four zones in the torch: a reactant heating zone, a plasma zone, a mixing zone, and a postdischarge zone. The main precursors of the reforming reactions are H, O, and OH radicals. The oxygen rate is a key point of the application. The thermal losses make the reforming reaction difficult to ignite and beget a lower syngas production and a lower postdischarge temperature. For the nonadiabatic reactor, the results have been compared to experimental data. The model predicts relevant gas fractions

Psychological stress and cancer.

All the concepts reported in this editorial are based on recent literature data obtained through a PubMed search, using both Medline and manual searches, with particular reference to articles, which could be relevant to clinical practice. This paper contributes to the existing literature on depression and stress and provides important information for the development of effective strategies to manage these conditions among patients with cancer

Perceived Parental Functioning, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Distress in Adults Whose Parents are Separated/Divorced

Objective. The objective of this research was to identify retrospectively the alienating behaviors and the parental bonding that occurred in an Italian sample of adults whose had parents separated or divorced and their associations with self-esteem and psychological distress. Methods. Four hundred seventy adults in Chieti, Italy, completed an anonymous and confidential survey regarding their childhood exposure to parental alienating behaviors (using the Baker Strategy Questionnaire), quality of the parent-child relationship (using Parental Bonding Instruments), self-esteem (using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and global psychological distress (using Global Severity Index of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised). Results. About 80% of the sample reported some exposure to parental alienating behaviors; about 65-70% of the sample has perceived non optimal parenting by mother and by father; individuals who experienced affectionless control (low care and high overprotection) reported significantly higher exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors. Overall rates of reported exposure to low care, and overprotection and parental loyalty conflict behaviors were statistically significantly associated with self-esteem as well as the measure of current psychological distress. Results revealed that exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors and self-esteem were associated with psychological distress over and above the effects of parental bonding and age. Conclusions. The pattern of findings supports the theory that children exposed to dysfunctional parenting, and with low self-esteem are at risk for their long-term psychological functioning. Implications for health policy changes and strengthening social services are discussed

Procedures and operating instructions for diagnosis in vascular anomalies and pathology

In the last 30 years a revolution has occurred in the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies. The great changes began with Mulliken and Glowacki separation of hemangiomas and vascular anomalies. Their work has now morphed into the ISSVA classification. Subsequently the discovery of the significance of the presence of GLUT-1 in the diagnosis of the hemangiomas of infancy gave us a new marker in our quest for accurate classification. Now genetic breakthroughs have led us into a \u201cStar Wars\u201d like environment in the experimental laboratory. During all these events the critical role of the pathologist has become more evident. Understanding the histopathology of anomalies has greatly aided in our approach to therapies. Moreover, genetic findings do not have full significance without the morphologic framework

Analyse statistique du mouvement des arcs dans une torche plasma triphasée à électrodes en graphite par camera rapide

National audienceL'étude du mouvement des arcs électriques dans les torches plasmas haute température se limite souvent à des analyses cognitives qualitatives, ne permettant pas une caractérisation objective à l'échelle locale des arcs électriques ainsi que des phénomènes qui les influencent. Afin de permettre une étude quantitative des principales caractéristiques de l'arc électrique (vitesse et direction du déplacement d'arc, point d'accroche sur la cathode, rayon de courbure et longueur de l'arc ...), un algorithme de traitement et d'analyse d'images a été développé sur la base du logiciel MatlabTM. Cet algorithme appliqué à une vidéo acquise par caméra haute vitesse (105 images par seconde avec une résolution de 64x48), permet de mieux appréhender le comportement de l'arc (mouvements des arcs entre les 3 électrodes, amorçages, durées de vie...) mais aussi d'effectuer une analyse statistique sur la vitesse et la direction du déplacement ainsi que sur sa géométrie (étirement et volume d'arc). Dans cette communication seront présentés en premier lieu les paramètres opératoires du banc d'essai développé au laboratoire PERSEE de Mines ParisTech ainsi que les conditions d'acquisition pour les vidéos rapides. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la présentation de l'algorithme de traitement d'images et de détection des arcs. En dernière partie seront présentés les premiers résultats statistiques obtenus sur le mouvement des arcs

Pharyngo-jugular fistula after "salvage" total laryngectomy: A case report

INTRODUCTION: We present a rare case of pharyngo-jugular fistula in a patient who underwent salvage total laryngectomy after organ-sparing radiochemotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old Caucasian man underwent total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection as salvage surgery after the failure of radiochemotherapy at another hospital. Thirty-five days after surgery, he was admitted to our emergency room for fever and massive oral bleeding during meals. Videopanendoscopy showed the presence of a large clot at the base of his tongue, while a neck computed tomography scan showed a pharyngo-jugular fistula with the presence of air in the left internal jugular vein. Cervicotomy was performed: the internal jugular vein was ligated and sectioned, and the pharyngeal defect was repaired with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. The postoperative period was uneventful. Twenty-five days post surgery, videofluorography showed the fistula had disappeared. Our patient then began oral feeding without complications and was discharged. At present, 5 years after the operation, our patient is alive and shows no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Pharyngo-jugular fistula is an uncommon complication after total laryngectomy, especially in the chemoradiation era, which is potentially fatal if not promptly treated

Conversion thermochimique d'hydrocarbures assistée par plasma au service de la transition énergétique

International audienceContexte : Conversion thermochimique, Thermodynamique, Decarbonation Directe du Méthane pour la co-production de CB & H