ILP Recommender System: Explainable and More

In this paper, we explore the use of ILP thoroughly in generating explainable, negative, group and context-aware recommendation. ILP provides recommendation rules in if-then logical format that allows us to form a clear and concise explanation to accompany the suggested items. It can indirectly derive negative rules which tell us not to recommend certain products to users. It also emphasizes the use of universal representations which enables us to suggest the items to a group of users who share the same interest. Additionally, ILP requires no re-training if new contexts (e.g., location, time and mood) are added to the system to generate context-aware recommendations (CARS), only predicates and settings are simply specified. In this paper, we also propose the explainability evaluation in terms of transparency by comparing the items/features appearing in the explanation with the features presented in the user's review. The negative, group and dynamic recommendations can be evaluated using the standard measurement

Adaptive Uncertainty-Guided Model Selection for Data-Driven PDE Discovery

We propose a new parameter-adaptive uncertainty-penalized Bayesian information criterion (UBIC) to prioritize the parsimonious partial differential equation (PDE) that sufficiently governs noisy spatial-temporal observed data with few reliable terms. Since the naive use of the BIC for model selection has been known to yield an undesirable overfitted PDE, the UBIC penalizes the found PDE not only by its complexity but also the quantified uncertainty, derived from the model supports' coefficient of variation in a probabilistic view. We also introduce physics-informed neural network learning as a simulation-based approach to further validate the selected PDE flexibly against the other discovered PDE. Numerical results affirm the successful application of the UBIC in identifying the true governing PDE. Additionally, we reveal an interesting effect of denoising the observed data on improving the trade-off between the BIC score and model complexity. Code is available at https://github.com/Pongpisit-Thanasutives/UBIC.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figure

PAMPs(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns)刺激がマクロファージにFasL感受性を誘導する分子機構とその生理学的意義の検討

取得学位：博士(理学)，学位授与番号：博甲第585号，学位授与年月日：平成15年3月31日,学位授与年：200

Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo via Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Caspase 8 Activation

BACKGROUND: The present study sought to further investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of a representative omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with a focus on assessing the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis as an important mechanism for its anticancer actions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In vitro studies showed that DHA strongly reduces the viability and DNA synthesis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture, and also promotes cell death via apoptosis. Mechanistically, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase 8 contribute critically to the induction of apoptotic cell death. Co-presence of antioxidants or selective inhibition or knockdown of caspase 8 each effectively abrogates the cytotoxic effect of DHA. Using athymic nude mice as an in vivo model, we found that feeding animals the 5% fish oil-supplemented diet for 6 weeks significantly reduces the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vivo through inhibition of cancer cell proliferation as well as promotion of cell death. Using 3-nitrotyrosine as a parameter, we confirmed that the fish oil-supplemented diet significantly increases oxidative stress in tumor cells in vivo. Analysis of fatty acid content in plasma and tissues showed that feeding animals a 5% fish oil diet increases the levels of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid in both normal and tumorous mammary tissues by 329% and 300%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: DHA can strongly induce apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The induction of apoptosis in these cells is selectively mediated via caspase 8 activation. These observations call for further studies to assess the effectiveness of fish oil as a dietary supplement in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer