THE EFFECT OF STANCE WIDTH AND ANGLE ON THE ROTATIONAL RANGE OF MOTION OF PELVIS AND TRUNK

[Background] In golf, snowboarding, etc., the distance between both feet (stance width), the angle of the foot (stance angle) are considered as an important factor for its performance. Those position of the legs (stance) are the empirically coached in the sports field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of stance width and angles on the trunk range of motion and the laterality of the load. [Methods] Eleven healthy males participated as subjects in this study. To measure the maximum trunk rotational range of motion in the posture in which the standing to straightened the leg. In the experimental setting, the stance width was set to 42cm, 52cm wide and the stance angle was varied 5 conditions; the central angle (Odeg), the central angle+-15deg and +-30deg. The central angle was defined as the average of the maximum internal- and external-rotation of hip joint in a static standing. Measurement was used an optical motion capture and the force plate, including 12 units infrared camera. The local coordinate systems were set in the spine (TI, T4, T7, and L1)I). [Result] In the stance angle -30deg, the rotational range of motion of the pelvis and trunk decreased significantly in the stance width 42cm compared to the stance angle Odeg. Effect due to the difference in the stance was not observed. SI (Symmetry Index) of the load increased on the rotation side in accordance with the stance angle increased. The load on the leg of the rotational side in the stance angle +30deg was significantly greater than that in the stance angle -30deg. [Conclusion] It was suggested that the difference in the stance angle changed the trunk rotational range of motion in a static standing

EFFECT OF FOOT ROTATION ANGLE ON THE ROTATIONAL RANGE OF MOTION OF TRUNK AND PELVIS

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of foot rotation angle on the rotational range of motion (ROM) of trunk and pelvis. Eleven healthy males participated in this study who performed a maximum rotation of the trunk in a standing posture on the conditions of five different foot rotation angles based on “the central angle” that was defined as the average of the maximum internal- and external-rotation of hip joint in a static standing. Kinematic and kinetic analysis was performed with an optical motion capture system and two force plates. The ROM of the pelvis segment decreased significantly on the conditions of -30deg or +30deg compared to the ROM on the condition of the central angle. The load on the foot on the rotating side increased and the free moment decreased as the foot rotation angle increased externally

Late Pleistocene variation in lignin and fatty acids from core TKN-2004 in a small mountain basin in central Japan

We generated a record of lignin and fatty acid compositions from the TK-2004 core in Takano Basin, central Japan, during 39-162 ka by TMAH-thermochemolysis-GC/MS. We tested lignin and fatty acid compositions in the sediments of a small lake (1.88 km(2) watershed) as a paleovegetation proxy to understand the responses of terrestrial vegetation in central Japan to global climate change. Variation in terrestrial organic carbon contents estimated by C/N and Sigma 8 was parallel to the total organic content (TOC) variation, suggesting that the inflow of terrestrial organic matter was a major factor determining the TOC. The ratio of mid-chain C-20-C-24 n-fatty acids to short-chain C-14-C-18 n-fatty acids (MFA/SFA ratio) and the ratio of cinnamyl to vanillyl phenols (C/V ratio) of lignin gradually increased from mid-MIS 6 to early MIS 3. The increase in both parameters suggested increase in the contribution of submerged and floating plants as the flats were expanded in the lake margin. The ratio of syringyl to vanillyl phenols (S/V ratio) corresponded to the pollen vegetation index. This correspondence indicated that the S/V ratio reflected the relative abundance of angiosperms to gymnosperms in the Takano Basin. The consistency of the S/V ratio at the site of core TKN-2004 and the other two locations suggests that the S/V ratio in a small basin is a robust proxy for terrestrial vegetation on a regional scale.ArticleGEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL. 48(2):207-217 (2014)journal articl

EFFECT OF FOOT ROTATION ANGLE ON TRUNK ROTATIONAL STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL QUANTITY TO ROTATE THE BODY

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influence of foot rotation angle on trunk rotational strength and physical quantity to rotate the body. Ten healthy males participated in this study who exerted the maximum trunk rotational strength in a standing posture on the conditions of five different foot rotation angles based on “the central angle” that was defined as the average of the maximum internal- and external-rotation of hip joint in a static standing. The force was measured by force gauge sensor. Biomechanical analysis was performed with an optical motion capture system and two force plates. No significant difference was observed in the rotational strength between any conditions, but as the foot rotation angle increased externally, the free moment acting on the right foot decreased and the moment around the center of mass by the ground reaction forces acting on both feet increased

Response of vegetation in central Japan to precession during the last 147,000 years : A lignin record from Lake Biwa core BIW08-B

To understand the responses of terrestrial vegetation in central Japan to global climate changes, we generated a record of lignin composition from core BIW08-B in Lake Biwa, central Japan, during the last 147,000 years by TMAHepyrolysiseGC/MS. Lignin abundance was intermittently elevated and associated with a high ratio of cinnamyl (C) to vanillyl (V) phenols (C/V ratio) of lignin, suggesting episodic inflows of herbaceous plant-derived organic matter into Lake Biwa. The largest inflow occurred during the last deglaciation. Variation in the ratio of syringyl (S) to vanillyl (V) phenols (S/V ratio), which is a contribution index of angiosperms against gymnosperms, showed a precession-like cycle, was consistent with a pollen record from Lake Biwa, and showed a pattern similar to the S/V record from an offshore marine site in the northwestern Pacific. The variation reflected the regional replacement of cool-temperate deciduous broadleaf forests, subalpine conifer forests, and Japanese cedar forests in central Japan caused by the repetition of warmer, dry and cooler, wet climates on a precession cycle. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved

ラット遊離脂肪細胞の糖輸送におけるインスリン作用発現時間の遅延に関する検討

Insulin action on glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes was assessed using the method originally reported by Whitesell et al. Insulin increased the Vmax of glucose transport without affecting the Km. So far as concentration dependence of insulin action it had pH and temperature dependency, and analogue specificity quite similar to previous reports. The lag phase (time necessary for full exhibition) of insulin action has never been paid much attention, since suitable system for studying it has never been developed, and since only recently post receptor processes of insulin actions were interested in detecting insulin resistance. Insulin action on glucose transport reached the maximum in 3 min with half maximal response at 1.8 min. Lowering the pH or temperature of incubation medium prolonged the period for half maximal response. On the other hand, various insulin analogues required comparable period with insulin for full exhibition of their actions. When isolated adipocytes were obtained from rats fasted for 48 hours, the period for half maximal response was markedly prolonged (12 min). It might be suggested that in some insulin resistant conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hunger, the delayed initiation of insulin action may be involved