381 research outputs found
Biventricular assist devices and total artificial heart: Strategies and outcomes
In contrast to the advanced development of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy for advanced heart failure, the mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with biventricular assist device (BVAD) and total artificial heart (TAH) options remain challenging. The treatment strategy of BVAD and TAH therapy largely depends on the support duration. For example, an extracorporeal centrifugal pump, typically referred to as a temporary surgical extracorporeal right ventricular assist device, is implanted for the short term with acute right ventricular failure following LVAD implantation. Meanwhile, off-label use of a durable implantable LVAD is a strategy for long-term right ventricular support. Hence, this review focuses on the current treatment strategies and clinical outcomes based on each ventricle support duration. In addition, the issue of heart failure post-heart transplantation (post-HT) is explored. We will discuss MCS therapy options for post-HT recipients
Vanishing of the negative-sign problem of quantum Monte Carlo simulations in one-dimensional frustrated spin systems
The negative-sign problem in one-dimensional frustrated quantum spin systems
is solved. We can remove negative signs of the local Boltzmann weights by using
a dimer basis that has the spin-reversal symmetry. Validity of this new basis
is checked in a general frustrated double-spin-chain system, namely the
J_0-J_1-J_2-J_3 model. The negative sign vanishes perfectly for .Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX, 4 figures in eps-file
Instantaneous sea ice drift speed from TanDEM-X interferometry
The drift of sea ice is an important geophysical process with
widespread implications for the ocean energy budget and ecosystems. Drifting
sea ice can also threaten marine operations and present a hazard for ocean
vessels and installations. Here, we evaluate single-pass along-track
synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (S-ATI) as a tool to assess
ice drift while discussing possible applications and inherent limitations.
Initial validation shows that TanDEM-X phase-derived drift speed corresponds
well with drift products from a ground-based radar at Utqiaġvik, Alaska.
Joint analysis of TanDEM-X and Sentinel-1 data covering the Fram Strait
demonstrates that S-ATI can help quantify the opening/closing rate of leads
with possible applications for navigation. S-ATI enables an instantaneous
assessment of ice drift and dynamic processes that are otherwise difficult
to observe. For instance, by evaluating sea ice drift through the Vilkitsky
Strait, Russia, we identified short-lived transient convergence patterns. We
conclude that S-ATI enables the identification and analysis of potentially
important dynamic processes (e.g., drift, rafting, and ridging). However,
current limitations of S-ATI are significant (e.g., data availability and
they presently only provide the cross-track vector component of the ice drift
field) but may be significantly reduced with future SAR systems.</p
Human fitting of pediatric and infant continuous-flow total artificial heart: visual and virtual assessment
BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the fit of two small-sized (pediatric and infant) continuous-flow total artificial heart pumps (CFTAHs) in congenital heart surgery patients.MethodsThis study was approved by Cleveland Clinic Institutional Review Board. Pediatric cardiac surgery patients (n = 40) were evaluated for anatomical and virtual device fitting (3D-printed models of pediatric [P-CFTAH] and infant [I-CFTAH] models). The virtual sub-study consisted of analysis of preoperative thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (n = 3; 4.2, 5.3, and 10.2 kg) imaging data.ResultsP-CFTAH pump fit in 21 out of 40 patients (fit group, 52.5%) but did not fit in 19 patients (non-fit group, 47.5%). I-CFTAH pump fit all of the 33 patients evaluated. There were critical differences due to dimensional variation (p < 0.0001) for the P-CFTAH, such as body weight (BW), height (Ht), and body surface area (BSA). The cutoff values were: BW: 5.71 kg, Ht: 59.0 cm, BSA: 0.31 m2. These cutoff values were additionally confirmed to be optimal by CT imaging.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the range of proper fit for the P-CFTAH and I-CFTAH in congenital heart disease patients. These data suggest the feasibility of both devices for fit in the small-patient population
Slow Relaxation of Spin Structure in Exotic Ferromagnetic Phase of Ising-like Heisenberg Kagome Antiferromagnets
In the corner-sharing lattice, magnetic frustration causes macroscopic
degeneracy in the ground state, which prevents systems from ordering. However,
if the ensemble of the degenerate configuration has some global structure, the
system can have a symmetry breaking phenomenon and thus posses a finite
temperature phase transition. As a typical example of such cases, the magnetic
phase transition of the Ising-like Heisenberg antiferromagnetic model on the
kagome lattice has been studied. There, a phase transition of the
two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising universality class occurs accompanying with
the uniform spontaneous magnetization. Because of the macroscopic degeneracy in
the ordered phase, the system is found to show an entropy-driven ordering
process, which is quantitatively characterized by the number of ``weathervane
loop''. We investigate this novel type of slow relaxation in regularly
frustrated system.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Antiferromagnet on the Kagome Lattice: High Temperature Expansion and Exact Diagonalisation Studies
For the spin- Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the Kagom\'e lattice
we calculate the high temperature series for the specific heat and the
structure factor. A comparison of the series with exact diagonalisation studies
shows that the specific heat has further structure at lower temperature in
addition to a high temperature peak at . At the
structure factor agrees quite well with results for the ground state of a
finite cluster with 36 sites. At this temperature the structure factor is less
than two times its value and depends only weakly on the wavevector
, indicating the absence of magnetic order and a correlation length of
less than one lattice spacing. The uniform susceptibility has a maximum at
and vanishes exponentially for lower temperatures.Comment: 15 pages + 5 figures, revtex, 26.04.9
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