Synchronous Multiple Lung Adenocarcinomas: Estrogen Concentration in Peripheral Lung

<div><p>Background</p><p>The detection rate of synchronous multiple lung adenocarcinomas (SMLA), which display multiple ground glass opacity nodules in the peripheral lung, is increasing due to advances in high resolution computed tomography. The backgrounds of multicentric development of adenocarcinoma are unknown. In this study, we quantitated estrogen concentration in the peripheral lungs of postmenopausal female patients with SMLA.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The tissue concentration of estrogens (estrone [E1] and estdadiol [E2]) in the noncancerous peripheral lung were measured with liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in postmenopausal female patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The expression levels of <i>CYP19A1</i> in the normal lung were also quantitated with real-time PCR. Thirty patients with SMLA and 79 cases of control patients with single lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed.</p><p>Results</p><p>The concentrations of E1 and E2 in the noncancerous tissue were significantly higher in SMLA cases than control cases (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02, respectively). The minor allele (A) of single nucleotide polymorphism rs3764221 were significantly associated with higher concentration of E1 and E2 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01, respectively) and higher CYP19A1 mRNA expression (P = 0.03).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The tissue estrogen concentration of peripheral lung was significantly higher in SMLA than control cases. The high concentration of estrogen may be one of the causes of multicentric development of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas.</p></div

Tissue concentration (pg/g) of Estrone and Estradiol in the noncancerous peripheral lung of SMLA cases and control cases using LC–MS/MS analysis.

<p>Data are represented as box and whisker plots. The median value was represented by a horizontal line in the box pot, and gray box denoted the 75th (upper margin) and 25th percentiles of the values (lower margin), respectively. The upper and lower bars indicated the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.</p

Distribution of relative expression of <i>CYP19A1</i> messenger RNA using real-time PCR in noncancerous tissues of lung cancer patients divided by the major allele (guanine) versus homozygosity and heterozygosity of the minor allele (adenine) of a rs3764221 in <i>CYP19A1</i>.

<p>Data are represented as box and whisker plots. The median value was represented by a horizontal line in the box pot, and gray box denoted the 75th (upper margin) and 25th percentiles of the values (lower margin), respectively. The upper and lower bars indicated the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney test.</p

Tissue concentration (pg/g) of Estrone and Estradiol in the noncancerous peripheral lung, according to the minor allele (adenine) of a SNP rs3764221 of <i>CYP19A1</i> using LC–MS/MS analysis.

<p>Data are represented as box and whisker plots. Data are represented as box and whisker plots. The median value was represented by a horizontal line in the box pot, and gray box denoted the 75th (upper margin) and 25th percentiles of the values (lower margin), respectively. The upper and lower bars indicated the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney test.</p

The Arf-like GTPase Arl8 Mediates Delivery of Endocytosed Macromolecules to Lysosomes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Late endosomes and lysosomes directly fuse for content mixing to form hybrid organelles. In the present study, we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans ARL-8 GTPase is localized primarily to lysosomes and involved in late endosome-lysosome fusion in the macrophage-like coelomocytes