Analysis of Opportunity on Geoheritage Activities in Muroto Global Geopark : Through the Comparison Between 2 Geological Conservation Program

This research aims to clarify the differences of 2 UNESCO geological conservation programs, World heritage program and Global Geoparks program, in terms of their evaluation and monitoring system by organizing UNESCO official documents. In addition that, through the case study of Muroto grobal geopark, the author attempts to grab the perspectives toward geopark of local people related to geotourism. The data was collected through qualitative method using interviews with residents related to 3 geotourism in Muroto. In conclusion, in both programs, evaluations are performed by the professionals who have specific knowledge of geology and both are put importance on its outstanding value as geological sites. World heritage programs retain the continuous monitoring system which is operated cooperation with external NGOs, academia and scientific professionals throughout both online and onsite monitoring after inscription, on the other hand, global geoparks only perform its monitoring every 4 years through the onsite evaluation. Moreover, the interview appears the truth that some residents involve themselves into geotourism without knowing of geopark concepts and objectives. Involving not only geological aspects but wide range of perspectives like world heritage program might help to establish sustainable geoheritage activitis.Art and Design Research for Sustainable Development ; September 22, 2018Conference: Tsukuba Global Science Week 2018Date: September 20-22, 2018Venue: Tsukuba International Congress Center Sponsored: University of Tsukub

長期間喫煙による気管支唱息,肺気腫の病態的変化

The influence of long-term cigarette smoking on the pathophysiology of chronic respiratory diseases with obstructive ventilatory dysfunction was discussed in patients with asthma and pulmonary emphysema (PE). 1. In patients with asthma, significant differences in the pathophysiology of the disease were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. A positive RAST score against inhalant allergens, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and LTB4 generation by leucocytes were significantly more increased in smokers than in nonsmokers. The values of FEV1/FVC and OLco were significantly more decreased, and % RV was significantly more increased in smokers than in nonsmokers. 2. In comparison of asthma with PE, IgE-mediated allergy was significantly more increased in smokers with asthma than in nonsmokers with asthma and in smokers with PE. The values of % FEV1, FEVl %, and % OLco were significantly higher in nonsmokers with asthma than in smokers with PE, however, the % OLco and % RV were not significantly different between smokers with asthma and those with PE. The % LAA of the lungs on HRCT was larger in patients with PE than in smokers and nonsmokers with asthma. The results suggest that cigarette smoking influences the pathophysiology of asthma and PE.長期間喫煙による気管支喘息および肺気腫の病態的変化について若干の検討を加えた｡1.気管支嘱喘息に関しては,喫煙例と非喫煙例との間に以下のような病態的特徴に差が見られた｡吸入抗原に対する特異的IgE抗体の陽性率,気道過敏性,白血球のI:TB4産生能はいずれも,喫煙例で非喫煙例に比べ有意の亢進を示した｡また,喫煙例では,非喫煙例に比べ,FEV1%や% DLcoは有意の低下,% RVは有意の増加傾向を示した｡2.喘息と肺気腫の比較では,IgEにmediateされるア レルギー反応は,喘息の非喫煙例や肺気腫(全て喫煙例)に比べ,喘息の喫煙例で有意の亢進が見られた｡% FEVl,FEV1,% DLco値はいずれも喘息の非喫煙例で,肺気腫と比べ有意に高い値を示したが,% DLcoと% RV値には,喘息の喫煙例と肺気腫の間に有意の差は見られなかった｡また,肺のHRCT上の% I.AAは,肺気腫において,喘息の喫煙例,非喫煙例いずれよりも有意に高い値を示した｡以上の結果より,長期間の喫煙が喘息や肺気腫の病態に影響を与えることが示された

温泉療法による気管支喘息に対する年間薬剤費の削減

Costs of drugs used for the treatment for 1 year were compared before and after spa therapy in 16 patients with asthma in relation to disease severity. Asthma severity was classified as : stage 1 (intermittent), 2 (mild persistent), 3(moderate persistent), and 4(severe persistent). 1. The total cost of drugs used for each pa-tient for 1 year clearty decreased in all groups. The % decrease of the costs of drugs in each group was 27.2% in patients with stage 1, 43.5% in those with stage 2 and 34.1% in those with stage 3-4 (mean 34.5% ). The reduction of the cost of bronchodilators was predominant in patients with stage 3-4, and the decrease in the cost of corticosteroids predominant in those with stage 2. The reduction of costs of antiallertgics, mucolytics, and antibiotics was predominant in patients with stage 2 and stage 3-4. The % reduction in the cost of corticostroids was remarkable in patients with stage 2. The % decrease in the costs of mucolytics and antibiotics was predomi-nant in patients with stage 2 and stage 3-4. The results obtained here suggest that the costs of drugs used for asthmatics could be reduced by long-term spa therapy, and the reduction of the costs was larger as asthma stage became more severe.気管支喘息16例を対象に,治療のために要した年間薬剤費が温泉療法により削減可能であるのかどうかについて,国際ガイドラインの重症度分類(stageト4)別に若干の検討を加えた｡1.年間の総薬剤費は重症度別の全てのグループにおいて明らかに減少した.2.その削減率は,ステージ1で27.2%,ステージ2で43.5%,ステージ3-4で34.1%であり,その平均は34.5%であった｡3.気管支拡張剤の薬剤費の減少はステージ3-4で高度であり,副腎皮質ホルモンの薬剤費の減少はステージ2で著明であった｡また,抗アレルギー薬,去痩薬,抗生物質などの薬剤費の削減は,ステージ2および3-4で高度であった｡4.削減率では,去壊薬,抗生物質の削減率が,2および3-4で著明であった｡ 以上の結果より,温泉療法により,気管支喘息の治療に必要な薬剤費は削減可能であること,そして,温泉療法による薬剤費の削減は職息の重症度が高い症例でより高度であることが示唆された

Evaluation of ambipolar carrier mobility in alkyl-substituted phthalocyanine thin film

Yuki Nishikawa, Yuya Nakata, Shigehiro Ikehara, Akihiko Fujii, and Masanori Ozaki "Evaluation of ambipolar carrier mobility in alkyl-substituted phthalocyanine thin film," Journal of Photonics for Energy 8(3), 032214 (15 May 2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JPE.8.03221