高飽和・広ダイナミックレンジ・広光波長帯域CMOSイメージセンサとその応用に関する研究

要約のみTohoku University黒田理人課

Effectiveness of CO₂-insufflated endoscopic submucosal dissection with the duodenal balloon occlusion method for early esophageal or gastric cancer: a randomized case control prospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has typically been performed using air insufflation. Recently, however, insufflation of CO₂ has been increasingly used to avoid complications. This prospective study was designed to compare the CO₂ concentration, intestinal volume, and acid–base balance using the duodenal balloon procedure.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From June 2010 to February 2011, we enrolled 44 patients with esophageal or gastric cancer and randomly allocated them into two groups. We compared 22 patients undergoing CO₂-insufflated ESD with a balloon placed into the duodenal bulb (duodenal balloon group) and 22 patients undergoing regular CO₂-insufflated ESD (regular group). Three-dimensional computed tomography was performed before and after the procedure to measure intestinal volume. CO₂ concentrations were measured every 10 minutes. The visual analogue system (VAS) scores for postoperative symptoms were recorded, and pH was measured immediately after the procedure. This was a prospective case control study randomized by the sealed envelope method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Intestinal CO₂ gas volume before and after ESD was lower in the duodenal balloon group than in the regular group (<it>P</it> = 0.00027). The end-tidal CO₂ level was significantly lower in the duodenal balloon group than in the regular group (<it>P</it> = 0.0001). No significant differences in blood ΔpH were found between the two groups. The VAS score for the occurrence of nausea due to abdominal distension after ESD indicated a significant difference (<it>P</it> = 0.031).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>ESD using the duodenal balloon occlusion method is effective for reduction of post-ESD intestinal CO₂ gas volume, resulting in a lower total amount of CO₂ insufflation during ESD and reducing harmful influences on the human body to some extent.</p

A Global Shutter Wide Dynamic Range Soft X-Ray CMOS Image Sensor With Backside- Illuminated Pinned Photodiode, Two-Stage Lateral Overflow Integration Capacitor, and Voltage Domain Memory Bank

This article presents a prototype 22.4 μm pixel pitch global shutter (GS) wide dynamic range (WDR) soft X-ray CMOS image sensor (sxCMOS). Backside-illuminated (BSI) pinned photodiodes with a 45-μm thick Si substrate were introduced for low noise and high radiation hardness to high energy photons. Two-stage lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC) and voltage domain memory bankwith high-densitySi trench capacitorswere introduced for WDR and for GS. The developed sxCMOS achieved maximum 21.9 Me− full well capacity with a single exposure 129 dB dynamic range by GS operation. Over 70% quantum efficiency (QE) toward soft X-ray was successfully achieved. The developed prototype sxCMOS is a step forwardtoward a 4 M pixel detector system to be utilized in next-generation synchrotron radiation facilities and X-ray free-electron lasers