Table

Mean Julian (SE) breeding date for cuckoos exploiting a given host and mean Julian (SE) breeding date for the same host species. See paper for further details

Activity of myosin phosphatase is bistable.

<p>[MP] denotes the concentration of activated myosin phosphatase. The concentration of activated myosin phosphatase is assumed to represent that of non-phosphorylated MYPT1. d[MP]/dt indicates the differentiation of [MP] against time t. (A) The plots are d[MP]/dt against [MP]. In the steady states, the reaction velocity is zero, whereby the steady states are d[MP]/dt = 0. Three intersections with the horizontal axis represent three steady states (S1, S2, and S3). (B) d[MP]/dt was plotted against [MP] using the various kcat₂ values. (C) d[MP]/dt was plotted against [MP] using the various kcat₁ values.</p

Mathematical modeling and simulation of MLC phosphorylation regulated by Rho-kinase.

<p>(A) Schematic overview of MLC phosphorylation regulated by Rho-kinase signal. Arrows, dashed line and - indicate stimulatory enzymatic reactions, myosin phosphatase auto-dephosphorylation signaling pathway and phosphorylation, respectively. (B) The graph shows that the transient Rho-kinase activations (red and blue line) are given as the input signal in our simulation. (C)(D) The simulation results of MLC and MYPT1 phosphorylation induced by the transient Rho-kinase activation in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039269#pone-0039269-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B</a>. (E)(F) The phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MLC against time t was calculated using the various kcat₂ values. (G) The phosphorylation of MLC against time t was calculated using the different kcat₃ values.</p

Frequency distributions of ashy-throated parrotbill and cuckoo egg morphs.

<p>Numbers above bars denote number of nests.</p

Results from experimental parasitism of ashy-throated parrotbill clutches.

<p>Contrast  =  contrast between host and parasite eggs on a scale from 1 (low) to 5 (high). White  =  white egg, white-pale  =  egg with intermediate colour between white and pale blue, pale  =  pale blue egg, pale-blue  =  egg with intermediate colour between pale blue and blue, blue  =  blue egg. Three types of eggs were used; natural conspecific eggs, model cuckoo-sized eggs (cuckoo) and model parrotbill-sized eggs (conspecific). Numbers in brackets are % acceptance within each combination.</p

Number of ashy-throated parrotbill nests parasitized by common cuckoos.

<p>White  =  white egg, pale  =  pale blue egg, blue  =  blue egg. “All” refers to the total number of nests parasitized (parasitism rate (% nests parasitized) in brackets). “Total” refers to the total number of nests recorded, whether parasitized or not, and was used in the calculation of parasitism rate.</p

Occurrence of nest predation in ashy-throated parrotbills.

<p>Predation rates are provided as % (in brackets) with total number of nests monitored. Differences in predation rate between egg types are tested with Chi-square tests.</p

The relationship between contrast in egg appearance and egg rejection rate in ashy-throated parrotbills.

<p>1 =  lowest and 5 =  highest contrast. Pairwise differences in rejection rates between contrast levels were tested using Fisher's exact tests. Holm's <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010816#pone.0010816-Holm1" target="_blank">[76]</a> sequential method was applied as a P-value adjustment procedure. *P = 0.01, ***P<0.0001.</p