Effect of citrate ions on the electrochemical behaviour of low-carbon steel in borate buffer solutions

The electrochemical behaviour of cold-rolled low carbon steel was studied on both active and passive potential regions in borate buffer solutions with and without the addition of sodium citrate (NaCit). In the active region anodic charges increased significantly and RCT values decreased with citrate, due to the formation of soluble complexes. In the passive potential region the film formed at +0.4 V in borate buffer solution with and without 0.010 M NaCit is probably enriched by Fe3O4 oxide, while films formed at +0.8 V are probably enriched by gamma-Fe2O3. The equivalent circuit [R-s(R(CT)Q)] fitted all experimental impedance data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Adsorption kinetics of n-propanol on platinized platinum electrode in sulphuric acid solution

the adsorption kinetics of n-propanol on platinized platinum electrode in sulphuric acid solution is studied. Data on the influence of adsorption potential and of temperature are given. Values for the velocity constants and for activation energies are evaluated from the experimental data. © 1989

Cinética de dissolução da superfície de aço SAE-AISI 1005 em meio ácido

O setor automotivo é um dos mais competitivos e um grande consumidor de materiais ferrosos, que exigem uma eficiente proteção contra a corrosão. Esta proteção é alcançada aplicando revestimentos adequados. Para se aplicar revestimentos se requer uma cuidadosa preparação da superfície que pode ser feita por ataque químico. Neste trabalho, determinou-se a velocidade de reação do aço extra-doce, SAE-AISI 1005, laminado a frio (CFF) utilizando várias soluções ácidas, de baixo custo, baixa agressividade ao meio ambiente e que geram pouco hidrogênio. O estudo cinético foi realizado medindo-se a perda de massa (deltam/mg cm-2) de chapas de aço CFF em função do tempo (s) de reação nas diferentes soluções, com e sem agitação, a 30ºC. Os resultados foram interpretados considerando-se os efeitos de transporte de massa, o efeito oxidante dos íons Me3+ e inibidor dos íons Fe2+. Dentre as várias soluções estudadas a que apresentou maior velocidade de reação foi a solução de H2SO4 2 M + MeCl3 1 M, v = 15,44 x 10-6 g cm-2s-1 para tempos até 1800 s.The automotive sector is one of the biggest consumers of ferrous materials, which require an efficient protection against corrosion. This protection can be reached applying adequate coatings. A careful surface preparation is required to apply any kind of coatings on surfaces. The surface preparation can be done by a chemical attack. In this work, reaction rates of cold-rolled steel with different acid solutions were determined. The solutions used have low cost, are environmental friendly and some of them generate low quantity of hydrogen. The kinetic study was performed measuring the loss of mass (deltam/mg cm-2) of cold-rolled steel samples with time (s) reaction in the different solutions, with and without solution stirring, at 30 ºC. The results were interpreted considering the mass transfer effect, the Me3+ oxidizing and Fe2+ inhibitor effects on the steel dissolution. Among the different solutions studied, the 2 M H2SO4 + 1 M MeCl3 solution was the one that showed the highest rate, v = 15.44 x 10-6 g cm-2 s-1 for times up to 1800 s.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Electrochemical decomposition of cyanides on tin dioxide electrodes in alkaline media

The electrochemical oxidation of cyanide in alkaline media was studied at different pH levels on SnO2 doped with Sb supported on titanium, at 25 degrees C, the electrooxidation of CN- at constant current follows a first-order rate law with a half life of t(1/2) = 35 min on SnO2-SbOx electrodes and t(1/2) = 69 min on SnO2-SbOx-RuO2 electrodes, in K2SO4(aq), pH 12, the reaction rate increases with the applied current and tends to reach a plateau when j > 20 mA cm(-2), In the pH range 10-13.5 the reaction rate diminishes as pH is increased owing to an increasing competition between CN- and OH- ions for the electrode surface. Addition of chloride to the solution does not alter the rate law but increases the reaction rate, A mechanism is proposed to explain the observed behaviour

Influence of ethanol, acidity and chloride concentration on the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel

The influence of ethanol, sulfuric acid and chloride on the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel was investigated by means of polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Over the studied range, the steel corrosion potential was independent of H2SO 4 and NaCl concentrations in aqueous solution. On the other hand, in solution containing 65 wt.% ethanol and 35 wt.% water, the corrosion potentials were higher than those obtained in aqueous solution. Besides, the steel corrosion potential was affected by the addition of H2SO4 and NaCl in solution. In solutions with and without ethanol, plus 0.35 wt.% NaCl, the presence of 1 wt.% H2SO4 inhibited the appearance of pitting corrosion. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Química

Evaluation of 316L Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistance in Solution Simulating the Acid Hydrolysis of Biomass

The corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in 65 wt % ethanol, 35 wt % water, 1 wt % H(2)SO(4) solution containing different NaCl concentrations and at different temperatures was investigated using open circuit potential measurements, polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At 25 degrees C, the minimum NaCl concentration required for occurrence of pitting was 0.58 wt %. In 0.35 wt % NaCl solution, localized corrosion was observed at temperatures higher than 40 degrees C and, depending on the potential, metastable or stable pits were observed. No pits were observed below 40 degrees C in 0.35 wt % NaCl solution. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3554728] All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Electrochemical behavior of cobalt oxide coatings on cold-rolled steel in alkaline sodium sulfate

The electrochemical behavior of a coating of cobalt oxide on cold-rolled steel in alkaline sodium sulfate was Studied using the electrochemical techniques of open-circuit potential measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The coating was prepared at different annealing temperatures ranging from 350 to 750 degreesC and characterized by SEM, EDX and XRD. Below 550 degreesC the composition of the coating was basically of Co3O4. At 750 degreesC CoO was formed and big cracks appeared on the film exposing an inner layer of iron oxides. Analysis of the EIS data is very difficult because of the complexity of the interface structure. It can be inferred that the charge transfer resistance of the coatings prepared at 350 and 450 C were higher than those for the coatings prepared at temperatures above 550 degreesC. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier B.V. Ltd

Estudo da influência de adições de prata na resistividade elétrica da liga Cu-5%Al

Estudou-se a influência de adições de 2, 6 e 8% Ag, em peso, na resistividade elétrica da liga Cu-5%Al, utilizando-se o método dos quatro pontos e um sistema de registro contínuo de variação da resistividade elétrica com a temperatura. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a resistividade elétrica da liga aumenta com o aumento da concentração de prata e que as inflexões observadas nas curvas de variação da resistividade com a temperatura de aquecimento podem ser atribuídas à solubilização da prata na matriz de Cu-Al. Observou-se também que a velocidade de aquecimento da amostra é um fator importante na intensidade e forma dos eventos observados.The influence of additions fo 2, 6, and 8 wt. % Ag on the electrical resistivity of the Cu-5 wt. %Al alloy was studied by the four-probe d.c. method and an automated recorder system. The results indicated that the electrical resistivity of the alloy increases with silver concentration and that the inflexions on the curves of electrical resistivity changes with temperature may be ascribed to silver solubilization on the Cu-Al matrix. It was also observed that the sample heating rate may change the shape of the curve recorded.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Effect of hydrogen charging on the stability of SAE 10B22 steel surface in alkaline solutions

The influence of hydrogen charging into a quenched and tempered boron steel membrane electrode (SAE 10B22) was studied using borate buffer (pH 8.4) and NaOH solutions (pH 12.7), with or without the addition of 0.01 M EDTA. At the hydrogen input side, hydrogen charging influenced cyclic voltammograms increasing the anodic charge of iron(II) hydroxide formation, and decreasing the donor density of passive films. These results suggest that the hydrogen ingress caused instability of metallic surface, increasing the surface area activity. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Electrodeposition of Ni-B and Ni-Co-B Alloys by Using Boric Acid as Boron Source

In this letter, the formation of electrodeposited Ni-B and Ni-Co-B alloys by using boric acid as boron source was demonstrated. The estimated thickness of the films was 5 mu m. By means of Cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffractometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyzes, it was showed that Ni-B and Ni-Co-B alloys, with composition Ni94B6 and Ni75Co21B4, can be easily formed onto glassy carbon when no complexing agents are employed in the electrodeposition bath. These results open the door to the production of electrodeposited boron-containing alloys by using boric acid as precursor due to its low cost and large-scale production. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq