Generalised asymptotic equivalence for extensive and non-extensive entropies

We extend the Hanel and Thurner asymptotic analysis to both extensive and non-extensive entropies on the basis of a wide class of entropic forms. The procedure is known to be capable to classify multiple entropy measures in terms of their defining equivalence classes. Those are determined by a pair of scaling exponents taking into account a large number of microstates as for the thermodynamical limit. Yet, a generalisation to this formulation makes it possible to establish an entropic connection between Markovian and non-Markovian statistical systems through a set of fundamental entropies $S_{\pm}$, which have been studied in other contexts and exhibit, among their attributes, two interesting aspects: They behave as additive for a large number of degrees of freedom while they are substantially non-additive for a small number of them. Furthermore, an ample amount of special entropy measures, either additive or non-additive, are contained in such asymptotic classification. Under this scheme we analyse the equivalence classes of Tsallis, Sharma-Mittal and R\'enyi entropies and study their features in the thermodynamic limit as well as the correspondences among them.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

On the optimal level of public inputs.

This paper studies the optimal level of public inputs under two different tax settings. With this aim, we adapt the approach by Gronberg and Liu (2001) to the case of productivity-enhancing public spending. We find that it is not analytically clear whether the first-best level of public spending exceeds the second-best level. After taking account the type of public input, a wide numerical simulation has been carried out. We obtain that the second-best level is always below the first-best level but the criterion by Gronberg and Liu has to be qualified.Second best, excess burden, public input.

Optimization in non-standard problems. An application to the provision of public inputs

This paper describes a new method for solving non-standard constrained optimization problems for which standard methodologies do not work properly. Our method (the Rational Iterative Multisection -RIM- algorithm) consists of different stages that can be interpreted as different requirements of precision by obtaining the optimal solution. We have performed an application of RIM method to the case of public inputs provision. We prove that the RIM approach and comparable standard methodologies achieve the same results with regular optimization problems while the RIM algorithm takes advantage over them when facing non-standard optimization problems.direct search, constrained optimization, multisection, optimal taxation, public input.

How sensitive is the provision of public inputs to specifications?

This paper studies the sensitivity of provision of public inputs to changes in the specification of technology and consumer preferences. We consider a simple model in which the government, with recourse to three different tax settings (a lump-sum tax, a tax on labour and a tax on economic profit), provides firms with certain productive services. We focus on the numerical results coming from the government optimization problem. We look at several specific cases in which the returns to scale in the production function emerges as a critical issue. Our …findings also address the impact of changes in output elasticity, in consumer preferences and in the number of households on the levels of public input and utility.firm-augmenting public input, factor-augmenting public input, optimal provision

Towards expenditure rules and fiscal sanity in the euro area

The study looks at primary expenditure developments in the euro area, its three largest members and four “macro-imbalances” countries for the period 1999-2009. It compares actual expenditure trends with those that would have prevailed if countries had followed neutral policies based on expenditure rules since the start of EMU. It also calculates the implications for debt trends. It finds that, all sample countries except Germany applied expansionary expenditure policies. This resulted in much higher expenditure and debt paths compared to a counterfactual neutral expenditure stance. Simple and prudent rules-based spending policies could have led to much safer fiscal positions much more in line with the EU’s Stability and Growth Pact rules. JEL Classification: E17, E61, E65, H50, H60Expenditure policies, expenditure rules, fiscal stance, public debt, sustainability

LA RESOCIALIZACIÓN POR EL TRABAJO PENITENCIARIO DE LOS INTERNOS EN EL ESTABLECIMIENTO PENAL CRISTO REY DE CACHICHE DE ICA 2018

La presente tesis aborda el tema que es la su función resocializadora cuando salen de los establecimientos penitenciarios, sobre todo del centro penitenciario cristo rey de cachiche de ICA,; teniendo que dentro de las teorías de la pena una de ellas hace referencia y conforme a lo establecido por nuestra normativa penal, se podrá ver que entre dichos fines se encuentra el resocializar a la persona, lo que conlleva tres aspectos importantes que son la rehabilitación, reeducación y reincorporación o reinserción, pudiendo hablarse únicamente de una persona resocializada cuando los tres factores anteriormente señalados se den de manera conjunta; por otro lado se tiene al estado que se puede dar de dos formas, una de manera plena del establecimiento penitenciario y la otra de manera semiplena o parcial, donde se cuenta con participación del empresario; pero para comprender mejor este fenómeno primero debemos conocer de mejor forma la manera en cómo se produce la resocialización de los establecimientos penitenciarios, observándose que esta inicio en los años 70 en Estados Unidos, debido al incremento de la población penitenciaria.Tesi

Who takes the cake Effects of ECB monetary policy across income classes

This work provides evidence on the effects of monetary policy on the income class structure via stimulating economic activity and employment in Eurozone countries over the period 2007Q32016Q1. Based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data, we compute the share of the market income perceived by each income class (lower, lower-middle, upper-middle, and upper) for the states that originated the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU11). We analyse the impact of monetary policy impulses under a Bayesian Vector Autoregressive approach and find that a monetary easing shock involving a decrease in nominal interest rates tends to increase the income share of middle classes at the expense of a smaller income share of the upper class, while, the lower class is not significantly affected. Our findings highlight the identified effects are mostly triggered by short-term interest rates cuts as long as they tend to vanish as the monetary policy proxy is located further in the yield curve. This suggests that the egalitarian impacts of monetary policy on market income distribution are to a lesser extent driven by decisions modifying longer-term interest rates.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Monetary policy and middle class

The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 and the subsequent period of financial and economic instability have forced central banks to implement ultra-loose monetary policies for combating the downturn and the stagnation of inflation, which has led the question about how monetary policy might affect inequality to the foreground of economic and political debates. This paper attepts to evaluate how monetary policy implemented in the Euro area (EURO-11) has affected two aspects of income distribution, namely, the size of middle class dimension and its mobility. To this end, an econometric model is estimated based on data from 2003 to 2015 for the set of countries belonging to the Economic and Monetary Union that originated the Union (EMU1999). We apply the vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology to country-level panel data as a first approach of the short-term dynamics among the considered variables, where the impulse-response functions have been orthogonalized due to the existing serial correlation between the unobserved terms. Subsequently, this analysis is complimented with a more robust one. Since our variables are non-stationary but indeed co-integrated, the vector error correction model (VECM) allows us to consider the medium-term relationship between monetary policy and income inequality via the stimulus of the economic activity.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

How does monetary policy affect the income class structure? Evidence from the Eurozone.

This work provides evidence on the potential effects of monetary policy on the income class structure via stimulating economic activity and employment in the Eurozone countries over the period 2007Q3-2016Q1. Based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data, we compute the size of income classes (lower, lower-middle, upper-middle, and upper) for the stats that originated the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU-11) and analyse the impact of monetary policy impulses under a Bayesian Vector Autoregressive approach. We focus on the earnings heterogeneity and the income composition channel and find that a monetary easing shock involving a decrease short-term nominal interest rate has diverse effects on the different income classes, which seems to have led to a more equal income distribution. As theoretically argued by these monetary policy transmission mechanisms, our results confirm the GDP growth and the decrease in unemployment caused by the monetary policies implemented by the European Central Bank since the onset of the financial crisis have had a positive effect for those households located at the bottom of the income-class structure as well as for the middle class.Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Green Security Plugin for Pervasive Computing using the HADAS toolkit

Energy is a critical resource in pervasive computing devices. However, information about energy consumption is not directly accessible through software development environments, making it difficult to reuse the knowledge provided by existing energy-consumption experimental studies. To address this limitation, this paper presents a solution to enrich Android Studio with energy consumption information. We have developed a Green Security Plugin that provides energy-aware information to developers that make use of Android Security API. This plugin has been developed taking advantage of the functionalities provided by the HADAS toolkit. HADAS is a repository of energy consuming concerns in which researchers can store the energy measures obtained during their experimental studies and developers can perform a sustainability analysis to make green design/implementation decisions.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec