Employee Response to Compulsory Short-Time Work

This paper reports the results of a survey of over 1500 employees who faced compulsory reductions of 10 percent in hours of work and earnings during the second half of 1985. The workers were asked how they used the free time and how they viewed the program, and their answers were analyzed in relation to their economic and social characteristics. On average, the workers spent 12 percent of the free time in uncompensated work for the company, 43 percent in other work (mostly housework, childcare, and other nonmarket chores), and 45 percent in leisure-time activities such as resting, reading, and hobbies. Ceteris paribus, education and income were positively related to percentage of time spent in company work, and age was negatively related. Time spent in other work rose with the presence of children, especially for women. Employee reaction to the program was generally favorable; married women were most positive and married men least positive. Workers 45 years of age and over were significantly more positive than those 35-44. There was a strong connection between time use and reaction to the program; workers who spent more of their free time working without pay at the company or in home production were much less positive than those who spent more time in leisure activities.

The relativistic self-energy in nuclear dynamics

It is a well known fact that Dirac phenomenology of nuclear forces predicts the existence of large scalar and vector mean fields in matter. To analyse the relativistic self-energy in a model independent way, modern high precision nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) potentials are mapped on a relativistic operator basis using projection techniques. This allows to compare the various potentials at the level of covariant amplitudes were a remarkable agreement is found. It allows further to calculate the relativistic self-energy in nuclear matter in Hartree-Fock approximation. Independent of the choice of the nucleon-nucleon interaction large scalar and vector mean fields of several hundred MeV magnitude are generated at tree level. In the framework of chiral EFT these fields are dominantly generated by contact terms which occur at next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion. Consistent with Dirac phenomenology the corresponding low energy constants which generate the large fields are closely connected to the spin-orbit interaction in $NN$ scattering. The connection to QCD sum rules is discussed as well.Comment: 49 pages, 13 figure

THE INFLUENCE OF OXYTOCIN ON THE PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

Peer Reviewe

Simple Current Actions of Cyclic Groups

Permutation actions of simple currents on the primaries of a Rational Conformal Field Theory are considered in the framework of admissible weighted permutation actions. The solution of admissibility conditions is presented for cyclic quadratic groups: an irreducible WPA corresponds to each subgroup of the quadratic group. As a consequence, the primaries of a RCFT with an order n integral or half-integral spin simple current may be arranged into multiplets of length k^2 (where k is a divisor of n) or 3k^2 if the spin of the simple current is half-integral and k is odd.Comment: Added reference, minor change

Dynamic Glass Transition in Two Dimensions

The question about the existence of a structural glass transition in two dimensions is studied using mode coupling theory (MCT). We determine the explicit d-dependence of the memory functional of mode coupling for one-component systems. Applied to two dimensions we solve the MCT equations numerically for monodisperse hard discs. A dynamic glass transition is found at a critical packing fraction phi_c^{d=2} = 0.697 which is above phi_c^{d=3} = 0.516 by about 35%. phi^d_c scales approximately with phi^d_{\rm rcp} the value for random close packing, at least for d=2, 3. Quantities characterizing the local, cooperative 'cage motion' do not differ much for d=2 and d=3, and we e.g. find the Lindemann criterion for the localization length at the glass transition. The final relaxation obeys the superposition principle, collapsing remarkably well onto a Kohlrausch law. The d=2 MCT results are in qualitative agreement with existing results from MC and MD simulations. The mean squared displacements measured experimentally for a quasi-two-dimensional binary system of dipolar hard spheres can be described satisfactorily by MCT for monodisperse hard discs over four decades in time provided the experimental control parameter Gamma (which measures the strength of dipolar interactions) and the packing fraction phi are properly related to each other.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure

Impaired Translesion Synthesis in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant Extracts

Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) cells are characterized by a cellular defect in the ability to synthesize intact daughter DNA strands on damaged templates. Molecular mechanisms that facilitate replication fork progression on damaged DNA in normal cells are not well defined. In this study, we used single-stranded plasmid molecules containing a single N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) adduct to analyze translesion synthesis (TLS) catalyzed by extracts of either normal or XPV primary skin fibroblasts. In one of the substrates, the single AAF adduct was located at the 3' end of a run of three guanines that was previously shown to induce deletion of one G by a slippage mechanism. Primer extension reactions performed by normal cellular extracts from four different individuals produced the same distinct pattern of TLS, with over 80% of the products resulting from the elongation of a slipped intermediate and the remaining 20% resulting from a nonslipped intermediate. In contrast, with cellular extracts from five different XPV patients, the TLS reaction was strongly reduced, yielding only low amounts of TLS via the nonslipped intermediate. With our second substrate, in which the AAF adduct was located at the first G in the run, thus preventing slippage from occurring, we confirmed that normal extracts were able to perform TLS 10-fold more efficiently than XPV extracts. These data demonstrate unequivocally that the defect in XPV cells resides in translesion synthesis independently of the slippage proces