The lipid phase transition temperature (LPTT) of early and late stages oocytes of <i>Juncea fragilis</i> (a), <i>J. juncea</i> (b), and <i>Ellisella robusta</i>.

<p>Error bars indicate standard error of the means. Astrices represent significant difference between early and late stage at the same chilling time period (<i>p<</i>0.05).</p

The lipid phase transition of <i>Juncea fragilis, J. juncea</i>, and <i>Ellisella robusta</i> oocytes at early (1a, c, and e, respectively) and late (1b, d, and f, respectively) stages, as determined from a Fourier Transform Infrared analyzer.

<p>The inflection point of the lipid phase transition curve from liquid crystalline to gel phase represents the the lipid phase transition temperature.</p

The lipid phase transition temperature (LPTT) of <i>Juncea fragilis</i>, <i>J. juncea</i>, and <i>Euplexaura. robusta</i> oocytes at early (a) and late (b) developmental stages after chilling at 5°C for up to 144 h in filtered seawater.

<p>Error bars indicate standard error of the means. Astrices represent significant differences (<i>p</i><0.05) between LPTTs of <i>J. fragilis, J. juncea</i>, and <i>E. robusta</i> oocytes at the same chilling time period.</p

Wax ester (WE), triacylglycerol (TAGs), total fatty acid (TFA), phosphatidyethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) content of oocyte of two gorgorian corals.

<p>Data are % composition of total lipid.</p

The distribution of wax ester (WE), triacylglycerol (TAGs), total fatty acid (TFA), phosphatidyethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) extracted from early and late stages oocytes of <i>J. juncea</i> (a) and <i>J. fragilis</i> (b) oocytes.

<p>Error bars indicate standard errors of the means. Asterisks represent significant difference between of the same lipid category between early and late stage oocytes (<i>p<0.05</i>).</p

The composition of lipid content in early (a) and late (b) stage oocytes of <i>J. juncea</i> and <i>J. fragilis</i> oocytes.

<p>Error bars indicate standard errors of the means. Asterisks represent significant difference of the same lipid category between <i>J. juncea</i> and <i>J. fragilis</i> oocytes (<i>p<0.05</i>).</p

Gradient elution program for HPLC-ELSD separation.

<p>Gradient elution program for HPLC-ELSD separation.</p

The distribution of total lipid in early and late stage oocytes of <i>J. juncea</i> and <i>J. fragilis.</i>

<p>Error bars indicate standard errors of the means. Asterisks represent significant difference between groups (<i>p<0.05</i>).</p

Persistent organic pollutants in Antarctic notothenioid fish and invertebrates associated with trophic levels

<div><p>Notothenioid fish and invertebrate samples from Antarctica were collected in the austral summer of 2009, and analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), as well as δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N stable isotopes for trophic level determination. In this study, the POP levels in the Antarctic biota samples were found to be ranked in the following order: OCPs > PAHs >> PBDEs. The POP levels in notothenioid fish and krill correlate to trophic levels; however, the POP concentrations in intertidal benthic invertebrates are higher than in notothenioid fish implying that specific biogeochemical factors may affect bioaccumulation in the Antarctica ecosystem. Biomagnification of POPs may have a smaller role than bioconcentration in Antarctica environment. In addition to the source, transport, exposure, and absorption for each group of POPs in the short food chain in Antarctica, the biological variation among species, interaction habitats, diet and metabolism are also factors for future studies on contaminant bioaccumulation.</p></div

Persistent organic pollutants in Antarctic notothenioid fish and invertebrates associated with trophic levels - Fig 5

<p>The interrelation of trophic level (TL) v.s. concentrations of log PAH (A), concentrations of log OCP (B), and concentrations of log PBDE (C).</p