台中縣新社鄉暗影坑溪集水區以永續發展為導向的土地利用規劃

摘 要 都市近郊的山區小集水區，一般為具優美山川景觀，交通可及性高，且地價較平地便宜等特性，因此一直常遭受農業開墾、建築開發等各種不同的使用壓力。但山區集水區多敏感性與脆弱性之環境特質，不當的開發利用，將使地力衰退，嚴重者更造成環境災害，危害生命財產安全，付出巨大的社會成本。因此如何以適當的土地利用規劃達到集水區永續發展目標極為重要，本研究之目的如下： 1.以都市近郊的小型集水區為研究對象，研究可達到集水區永續性土地利用規劃的技術與流程。 2.以所選定的研究集水區，應用所擬定的永續性土地利用規劃的技術與流程，並配合現地的環境特性，導入符合現地環境生態的工法與技術，發展出永續土地利用實質方案，展示達成永續發展目標的規劃設計方法。 對於永續發展的研究與論述，仍以觀念、政策性質居多，本研究則選定台中縣新社鄉中和村附近面積為106公頃的暗影坑溪集水區，藉由電腦地理資訊系統分析技術的輔助，進行實質環境因子的分析；而為了解集水區內利害關係者對於本區未來發展的意見，應用面談法親自對集水區內的利害關係者進行深度訪談，了解其對集水區發展的意見。 依集水區環境特性分析、訪談心得及集水區保育經營的學理基礎來綜合研判，擬定研究集水區的永續發展目標，並以SWOT分析技術由自然、社會、經營管理等方面從優勢、劣勢、機會、威脅等不同角度，進行所設定永續發展目標可行性的綜合評估。 在確立整體永續發展目標後，並據以發展永續性的土地利用規劃，綜合考量生態、生產、生活，以達成環境資源的永續性，提出下列土地使用分區構想： 1.主要發展區： 配合休閒及精緻農業的發展目標，將集水區中下游左岸劃為主要發展區，提供較高強度的利用，又劃分為休閒農業分區與農業生產分區。 2.次要發展區： 在本集水區中下游右岸，經分析得知其坡度較陡，故規劃較低強度的利用，視環境現況條件，提供農業或休憩活動，其無適當使用項目者，仍以植生造林為宜。 3.森林生態保護區： 以森林生態保育為主，依據土地適宜性分析結果，將集水區上游多環境敏感的區位劃定為森林生態保育區，並加強造林，僅做低度的利用。 本研究在集水區整體土地利用規劃方面特別強調生態環境保育作法的應用，包括水資源保育方面有（1）增加地表水的入滲，降低洪峰，增加水源的應用率；（2）農業非點源污染（AGNPS）的防制；及（3）生活污水的處理等項。此外，生物廊道的建立，廢棄物之資源化，天然能源的利用等也是考慮的重要項目。 在經營管理方面則包括（1）導入適當的精緻、休閒農業，使農業再出發；（2）導入專業輔導地方城鄉發展的顧問機構；（3）土地信託以利統一管理；（4）長久持續的進行社區總體營造工作。 本研究最後研提一永續性實質發展方案，嘗試針對所選擇之研究集水區的環境特性，提出具體的設計組合，巧妙的利用生態環境特性與農業生產結合。如在土地可負荷的情況下可適度導入休閒遊憩。並應用生態工程技術，加速生態環境的建立，以營造良好自然生態環境為基礎，選擇適合本集水區環境條件的應用方式，如適合現地生態環境的高經濟作物﹘靈芝，以創造本集水區穩定的經濟來源。並加強必要公共設施的建設，以優美的景觀，方便的設施，成為良好的生活空間，在有計畫的管理控制下，發展休閒農業，成為都會地區民眾休閒度假的好去處，換言之，在合乎環境生態保育的原則下，同時符合利害關係者經濟的、生活及休閒的需求，以達成本集水區的永續發展。ABSTRACT The small watersheds near urban area generally have easy access and relatively inexpensive land prices. However, different land uses like farming and building in these watersheds are increasingly intensive. Mountain slopes in these watersheds are fragile and sensitive to development. Improper land uses may cause severe watershed degradation. Therefore, proper land use planning for sustainable development is essential for these mountain watersheds near urban areas. A 106 ha mountain watershed in Chung-Ho, Hsin-Sheh village of Taichung county was selected as the study area to conduct land use planning for sustainable development. GIS technique and SWOT method are used to systematically analyse physical and social economic factors governing watershed development and management suitabilities. Opinions of users and residents of the watershed were collected and analysed to help develop feasible and sustainable watershed land use plans. The SWOT method was applied to evaluate the feasibility of watershed sustainable development goals from environmental conservation, society and management viewpoints. Each part in SWOT analysis considers four major factors for management or policy options: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat. A sustainable development goal should consider agricultural production, living standard maintenance / enhancement, and ecological protection. The watershed is partitioned into (1)main land use development area and (2)secondary development area. The main development area located on the left side of middle and lower reaches in the watershed can accommodate high density leisure farm facilities and regular farming. On the other hand, the secondary development area in the right side of middle and lower reaches may carry lower density farming or leisure farm and forests. Watershed planning in this study emphasizes environmental and ecological conservation measures. Water conservation measures include: (1)soil infiltration capacities improvement, peak flow control,(2)AGNPS control and(3)proper wastewater disposal. Other measures are ecological corridors, waste recycle and use of natural energy. Management considerations include agricultural renewal with: (1)suitable leisure farm facilities,(2)participation of professional specialists in the management operation,(3)adoption of land trust approach for proper integrated watershed management, and(4)integration of available resource for total community involvement. This study developed program that integrate ecological engineering technology for ecological-environmental protection and agriculture with high value crops that suits the watershed microclimate. These will help achieve the sustainable development goal for the study watershed.章 節 目 錄 第壹章 前言…………………………………………………… 1 1-1 研究動機………………………………………………… 1 1-2 研究目的………………………………………………… 3 第貳章 文獻回顧……………………………………………… 5 2-1 集水區水文特性………………………………………… 5 2-2 森林在水土資源保育上的功能………………………… 9 2-3 永續性土地利用………………………………………… 11 2-3-1永續性土地使用規劃…………………………… 11 2-3-2土地使用規劃技術……………………………… 15 2-3-3永續性土地利用規劃的原則…………………… 16 2-4 SWOT分析技術………………………………………… 18 2-5 經營管理機制…………………………………………… 20 2-5-1社區總體營造…………………………………… 21 2-5-2 土地信託………………………………………… 23 2-6 永續發展評估系統……………………………………… 25 第參章 研究方法……………………………………………… 29 3-1 研究方法………………………………………………… 29 3-2 研究流程………………………………………………… 30 3-3 研究地區………………………………………………… 33 3-3-1地理位置………………………………………… 33 3-3-2地形地勢………………………………………… 34 3-3-3地質與土壤……………………………………… 35 3-3-4斷層與活動斷層………………………………… 37 3-3-5氣候……………………………………………… 39 3-3-6水文……………………………………………… 40 3-3-7生態資源………………………………………… 41 3-3-8土地使用………………………………………… 42 第肆章 結果與討論…………………………………………… 44 4-1 影響集水區穩定、沖蝕及崩塌的自然環境特性……… 44 4-1-1坡度……………………………………………… 44 4-1-2坡向……………………………………………… 46 4-1-3天然災害………………………………………… 47 4-2 土地使用敏感地帶劃設………………………………… 50 4-2-1植生緩衝帶……………………………………… 50 4-2-2農業使用環境敏感區…………………………… 52 4-2-3非農業使用環境敏感區………………………… 53 4-3 利害關係者對集水區經營的看法……………………… 55 4-3-1受訪者背景……………………………………… 55 4-3-2訪談結果歸納整理……………………………… 57 4-3-3訪談心得整理…………………………………… 59 4-4 永續發展目標SWOT分析結果………………………… 60 4-4-1集水區永續發展目標設定……………………… 60 4-4-2 SWOT分析結果…………………………………… 60 4-4-3永續發展目標綜合評估………………………… 75 4-5 集水區土地利用規劃與經營管理……………………… 78 4-5-1土地使用分區…………………………………… 78 4-5-2土地使用管制與變更…………………………… 80 4-5-3生態環境保育…………………………………… 81 4-5-4經營管理構想…………………………………… 83 4-5-5集水區永續性土地利用規劃方案……………… 88 第伍章 結論…………………………………………………… 148 參考文獻 附錄一 暗影坑溪集水區權利關係人訪談大綱 附錄二 口試審查意見及答覆說明對照表 圖 目 錄 圖2-1 森林水文循環示意圖…………………………………… 5 圖2-2 SWOT分析法簡要架構………………………………… 20 圖3-1 研究流程圖……………………………………………… 32 圖3-2 地理位置圖……………………………………………… 33 圖3-3 高程分布圖……………………………………………… 34 圖3-4 地質圖…………………………………………………… 35 圖3-5 土壤圖…………………………………………………… 36 圖3-6 距離集水區 10 Km範圍內活斷層一覽圖…………… 38 圖3-7 集水區水系圖…………………………………………… 40 圖3-8 土地使用現況圖………………………………………… 43 圖3-9 集水區現況照片………………………………………… 43 圖4-1 坡度分析圖……………………………………………… 45 圖4-2 坡向分析圖……………………………………………… 47 圖4-3 七二水災後崩塌地現況照片…………………………… 48 圖4-4 民國九十三年七二水災受災情況……………………… 49 圖4-5 濱水區緩衝帶區位圖…………………………………… 51 圖4-6 農業使用環境敏感區位圖……………………………… 53 圖4-7 非農業使用環境敏感區位圖…………………………… 54 圖4-8 土地使用分區構想圖…………………………………… 80 圖4-9 經營管理架構圖………………………………………… 87 圖4-10 集水區全區平面配置圖………………………………… 91 圖4-11 景觀生態滯洪池剖面示意圖…………………………… 97 圖4-12 水資源收集系統示意圖………………………………… 98 圖4-13 透水性鋪面示意圖……………………………………… 101 圖4-14 坡面橫向截水入滲示意圖……………………………… 102 圖4-15 滲透截水溝剖面示意圖………………………………… 102 圖4-16 滲透陰井示意圖………………………………………… 103 圖4-17 自然型水路修改示意圖………………………………… 112 圖4-18 生產單元斷面示意圖…………………………………… 125 圖4-19 太陽能發電並聯型系統示意圖………………………… 127 表 目 錄 表2-1 社區營造之步驟………………………………………… 23 表2-2 綠建築評估指標系統與地球環境關係表……………… 28 表3-1 距離集水區 10Km範圍內活斷層一覽表…………… 38 表3-2 氣候資料統計表………………………………………… 39 表4-1 坡度分析表……………………………………………… 45 表4-2 坡向分析表……………………………………………… 46 表4-3 集水區訪談受訪者背景彙整表………………………… 56 表4-4 集水區永續發展目標中社會環境之SWOT分析結果… 62 表4-5 集水區永續發展目標中自然環境之SWOT分析結果… 67 表4-6 集水區永續發展目標中經營管理之SWOT分析結果… 72 表4-7 土地使用各分區面積表………………………………… 89 表4-8 靈芝人工栽培方法……………………………………… 92 表4-9 泥砂生產量計算表……………………………………… 111 表4-10 2000~2003年各月份總日射量統計表………………… 128 表4-11 生物多樣性指標自我評估表…………………………… 140 表4-12 台灣各類植栽單位面積四十年CO2固定量…………… 142 表4-13 各類保水設計之保水量計算及變數說明表…………… 145 表4-14 土壤滲透係數k值簡易對照表………………………… 14

Correlation of Body Mass Index and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization

This study investigated the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and proinflammatory cytokine levels with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization triggered by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Stem cell donors (n = 309) were recruited between August 2015 and January 2018 and grouped into four groups according to their BMI: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, n = 10), normal (18.5 kg/m2 ≦ BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 156), overweight (25 kg/m2 ≦ BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 102), and obese (BMI ≧ 30 kg/m2, n = 41). The participants were then administered with five doses of G-CSF and categorized as good mobilizers (CD34 ≧ 180/μL, n = 15, 4.85%) and poor mobilizers (CD34 ≦ 25/μL, n = 14, 4.53%) according to the number of CD34+ cells in their peripheral blood after G-CSF administration. The correlation between BMI and HSC mobilization was then analyzed, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma from good and poor mobilizers were examined by ProcartaPlex Immunoassay. Results showed that BMI was highly correlated with G-CSF-triggered HSC mobilization (R2 = 0.056, p < 0.0001). Compared with poor mobilizers, good mobilizers exhibited higher BMI (p < 0.001) and proinflammatory cytokine [interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (p < 0.05), interleukin-22 (IL-22) (p < 0.05), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels (p < 0.05)]. This study indicated that BMI and proinflammatory cytokine levels are positively correlated with G-CSF-triggered HSC mobilization

Incorporating radiomic feature of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET improves survival stratification in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

BackgroundTo investigate the survival prognostic value of the radiomic features of 18F-FDG PET in patients who had EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutated lung adenocarcinoma and received targeted TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) treatment.MethodsFifty-one patients with stage III-IV lung adenocarcinoma and actionable EGFR mutation who received first-line TKI were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT, and we calculated the PET-derived radiomic features. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between the radiomic features and the survival outcomes, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A score model was established according to the independent prognostic predictors and we compared this model to the TNM staging system using Harrell's concordance index (c-index).ResultsForty-eight patients (94.1%) experienced disease progression and 41 patients (80.4%) died. Primary tumor SUV entropy > 5.36, and presence of pleural effusion were independently associated with worse OS (both p ConclusionsIn this preliminary study, combining PET radiomics with clinical risk factors may improve survival stratification in stage III-IV lung adenocarcinoma with actionable EFGR mutation. Our proposed scoring system may assist with optimization of individualized treatment strategies in these patients

Salvage Radiotherapy Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer with Biochemical Failure after High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound as Primary Treatment

We conduct a retrospective analysis of salvage radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy (SRT+ADT) for high-risk prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as the primary treatment. A total of 38 patients, who met the criteria of biochemical failure and were consecutively treated with SRT+ADT, were enrolled. All patients received intensity modulated radiotherapy with a median dose of 70 Gy to the clinical target volume. ADT was given before, during or after the course of SRT with the duration of ≦6 months (n = 14), 6–12 months (n = 12) or >12 months (n = 12). The median follow-up was 45.9 months. A total of 10 (26.3%) patients had biochemical failure after SRT+ADT. The cumulative 5-year biochemical progression free survival (b-PFS) and overall survival (OS) rate was 73.0% and 80.3%, respectively. A nadir prostate-specific antigen (nPSA) value 0.02 ng/mL was observed to predict the b-PFS in multivariate analysis. The 5-year b-PFS was 81.6% for those with nPSA < 0.02 compared with 25.0% with nPSA ≧ 0.02. The adverse effects related to SRT+ADT were mild in most cases and only three (8%) patients experienced grade 3 urinary toxicities. For high-risk prostate cancer after HIFU as primary treatment with biochemical failure, our study confirms the feasibility of SRT+ADT with high b-PFS, OS and low toxicity

MicroRNA-125a expression in isolated lymphocytes and decreased regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted production during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces postoperative immunosuppression, including decreased T-cells and lower plasma regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) concentrations. MicroRNA-125a negatively regulates RANTES expression in activated T-cells. The aims were to investigate microRNA-125a expression in T-cells and RANTES production following CPB. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were included in this study. Arterial blood was sampled at six sequential points (before anesthesia induction, before CPB, at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after beginning CPB) for plasma RANTES concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T-lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood at four points (before anesthesia, before CPB, at 2 and 4 h after beginning CPB) for intracellular microRNA-125a expression by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 14 patients. Perioperative laboratory data and variables were also recorded. Results: The plasma RANTES concentrations decreased significantly at 2-24 h after beginning CPB, with concurrent reduction of postoperative lymphocyte counts, as compared with the preanesthesia level (P < 0.001). Intra-T-cell microRNA-125a expression was activated at 2 and 4 h, however, without significance (P = 0.078 and 0.124, respectively). The plasma RANTES levels at 4 h were not correlated with CPB time (P = 0.671), anesthesia time (P = 0.305), postoperative extubation time (P = 0.508), and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (P = 0.756). Three patients expired with pneumonia- or mediastinitis-related septic shock in the ICU. Conclusion: Plasma RANTES concentrations were depressed till 24 h following CPB, with reduced lymphocytes after cardiac surgery. MicroRNA-125a expression in T-lymphocytes was not correlated with perioperative variables and its role in downregulation of RANTES production needs to be determined

Balloon-expandable versus self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement for bioprosthetic dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND:Transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (VIV) procedure is a safe alternative to conventional reoperation for bioprosthetic dysfunction. Balloon-expandable valve (BEV) and self-expanding valve (SEV) are the 2 major types of devices used. Evidence regarding the comparison of the 2 valves remains scarce. METHODS:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare the outcomes of BEV and SEV in transcatheter VIV for aortic bioprostheses dysfunction. A computerized search of Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed. English-language journal articles reporting SEV or BEV outcomes of at least 10 patients were included. RESULTS:In total, 27 studies were included, with 2,269 and 1,671 patients in the BEV and SEV groups, respectively. Rates of 30-day mortality and stroke did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. However, BEV was associated with significantly lower rates of postprocedural permanent pacemaker implantation (3.8% vs. 12%; P < 0.001). Regarding echocardiographic parameters, SEV was associated with larger postprocedural effective orifice area at 30 days (1.53 cm2 vs. 1.23 cm2; P < 0.001) and 1 year (1.55 cm2 vs. 1.22 cm2; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:For patients who underwent transcatheter aortic VIV, SEV was associated with larger postprocedural effective orifice area but higher rates of permanent pacemaker implantation. These findings provide valuable information for optimizing device selection for transcatheter aortic VIV

Functionalization of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics with au@Cu2O core@shell nanocrystals for environmental purifications

Wastewater containing synthetic dyes has caused a significant risk to the environment and human health. Among the various methods to treat wastewater, photocatalysis recommends itself as a particularly efficient tool for the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. In this work, Au@Cu2O core@shell nanocrystals with controllable shell thicknesses from 38.1 ± 2.8 (Au@Cu2O-2), 48.1 ± 3.7 (Au@Cu2O-3) to 59.1 ± 4.1 nm (Au@Cu2O-4) have been prepared and immobilized on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics for applications in photocatalytic degradation of methylene orange (MO). The influence of the shell thickness of Au@Cu2O on the photocatalytic performance of the functionalized PET fabrics has been examined. Among all the samples tested, immobilization of Au@Cu2O-3 rendered PET fabrics the largest photocatalytic activity for MO degradation, achieving an apparent rate constant of MO degradation of 7.43 × 10−3 min−1. A plausible mechanism accounting for the degradation process of MO over the functionalized PET has been proposed based on the results of scavenger experiments. This work has provided a delicate yet practical functional textile paradigm by combining the photocatalytic capability of Au@Cu2O and the adaptable feature of PET fabrics. The findings from this study can deliver a viable idea for the design of versatile textiles with competent photocatalytic capacity for environmental purifications and energy conversion