Testing violation of the Leggett-Garg-type inequality in neutrino oscillations of the Daya Bay experiment

The Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI), derived under the assumption of realism, acts as the temporal Bell's inequality. It is studied in electromagnetic and strong interaction like photonics, superconducting qu-bits and nuclear spin. Until the weak interaction two-state oscillations of neutrinos affirmed the violation of Leggett-Garg-type inequalities (LGtI). We make an empirical test for the deviation of experimental results with the classical limits by analyzing the survival probability data of reactor neutrinos at a distinct range of baseline dividing energies, as an analog to a single neutrino detected at different time. A study of the updated data of Daya-Bay experiment unambiguously depicts an obvious cluster of data over the classical bound of LGtI and shows a $6.1\sigma$ significance of the violation of them.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering at Future Electron-Ion Colliders

The study of hadronic structure has been carried out for many years. Generalized parton distribution functions (GPDs) give broad information on the internal structure of hadrons. Combining GPDs and high-energy scattering experiments, we expect yielding three-dimensional physical quantities from experiments. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) process is a powerful tool to study GPDs. It is one of the important experiments of Electron Ion Collider (EIC) and Electron ion collider at China (EicC) in the future. In the initial stage, the proposed EicC will have $3 \sim 5$ GeV polarized electrons on $12 \sim 25$ GeV polarized protons, with luminosity up to $1 \sim 2 \times 10^{33}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. EIC will be constructed in coming years, which will cover the variable c.m. energies from 30 to 50 GeV, with the luminosity about $10^{33} \sim 10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. In this work we present a detailed simulation of DVCS to study the feasibility of experiments at EicC and EIC. Referring the method used by HERMES Collaboration, and comparing the model calculations with pseudo data of asymmetries attributed to the DVCS, we obtained a model-dependent constraint on the total angular momentum of up and down quarks in the proton.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, 3 Table

Comparisons of WUE in twelve genotypes of winter wheat and the relationship between δ13C and WUE

Twelve winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were examined for differences in grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) in flag leaves. The plants were subjected to rain-fed treatment and supplemental irrigation at the jointing and anthesis stages, during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 winter wheat growing seasons. The relationships between δ13C with grain yield and WUE were analyzed under two different water environments. The results indicated that there were significant differences in δ13C, grain yield, and WUE among wheat genotypes both under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. The δ13C values increased with grain-filling proceeding, the δ13C being lower under supplemental irrigation treatment than that under rain-fed treatment. The relationships between the average of δ13C with grain yield and WUE were significantly positive during three measurement periods (R2 = 0.5785 − 0.8258), whether under rain-fed or irrigation environments. This suggests that δ13C might be associated with the grain yield and WUE in winter wheat under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions in the climate region of the northwest Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Global study of nuclear modifications on parton distribution functions

A global analysis of nuclear medium modifications of parton distributions is presented using deeply inelastic scattering data of various nuclear targets. Two obtained data sets are provided for quark and gluon nuclear modification factors, referred as nIMParton16. One is from the global fit only to the experimental data of isospin-scalar nuclei (Set A), and the other is from the fit to all the measured nuclear data (Set B). The scale-dependence is described by DGLAP equations with nonlinear corrections in this work. The Fermi motion and off-shell effect, nucleon swelling, and parton–parton recombination are taken into account together for modeling the complicated x-dependence of nuclear modification. The nuclear gluon shadowing in this paper is dynamically generated by the QCD evolution of parton splitting and recombination processes with zero gluon density at the input scale. Sophisticated nuclear dependence of nuclear medium effects is studied with only two free parameters. With the obtained free parameters from the global analysis, the nuclear modifications of parton distribution functions of unmeasured nuclei can be predicted in our model. Nuclear modification of deuteron is also predicted and shown with recent measurement at JLab

Pion Valence Quark Distributions from Maximum Entropy Method

International audienceValence quark distributions of pion at very low resolution scale Q02∼0.1 GeV 2 are deduced from a maximum entropy method, under the assumption that pion consists of only a valence quark and a valence anti-quark at such a low scale. Taking the obtained initial quark distributions as the nonperturbative input in the modified Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (with the GLR-MQ-ZRS corrections) evolution, the generated valence quark distribution functions at high Q2 are consistent with the measured ones from a Drell-Yan experiment. The maximum entropy method is also applied to estimate the valence quark distributions at relatively higher Q2=0.26GeV2 . At this higher scale, other components (sea quarks and gluons) should be considered in order to match the experimental data. The first three moments of pion quark distributions at high Q2 are calculated and compared with the other theoretical predictions