Zhodnocení zadluženosti společnosti v automobilovém průmyslu

Import 02/11/2016The aim of this thesis is to make the assessment of solvency of Volkswagen Group by using common-size analysis, solvency ratio analysis, pyramidal decomposition and sensitivity analysis from 2010 to 2014.This thesis is divided into five parts. Chapter 1 is introduction.In chapter 2, we will introduce three basic financial statements: balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. And introduce the financial analysis methods which we will use in the next chapter. The first part is the common size analysis. We will use it to check the financial statement of a company. About common size analysis, it has vertical common size analysis and horizontal common size analysis. We will describe what it means and how we can use it in the company. The second part of financial analysis methods is solvency ratios analysis. Solvency ratios are very important for a company. We also write the definition and formula about pyramidal decomposition and sensitivity analysis. And we will introduce the return on equity, because when we make the sensitivity analysis, we will use it.In chapter 3, we will describe the main financial characteristics of Volkswagen Group. First, we introduce the history and structure of the company, it help us to understand the development of the company. Second part is the financial position. It is the company’s ability in the market. And it can help us to know if Volkswagen Group has financial trouble. At last, we use common size analysis of Volkswagen Group from 2010 to 2014. In chapter 4, we use solvency ratio analysis. We will use debt to assets ratio, debt to equity ratio, interest coverage and financial leverage to find out the solvency of this company. We also will use pyramidal decomposition in this chapter, we decompose debt to equity ratio into 12 parts. And we use sensitivity analysis of Volkswagen Group. It analyzes which factor will effect the indicator when we have different factors and it’s effect degree. When we calculate all the ratios and analysis the methods in this chapter we can know whether the company have financial risks or not and how to manege the company by using these methods.Chapter 5 is conclusion, in this part, we will compare the analysis we made from 2010 to 2014 and summary all of them. All the methods can help us to know the solvency and the development of Volkswagen Group.The aim of this thesis is to make the assessment of solvency of Volkswagen Group by using common-size analysis, solvency ratio analysis, pyramidal decomposition and sensitivity analysis from 2010 to 2014.This thesis is divided into five parts. Chapter 1 is introduction.In chapter 2, we will introduce three basic financial statements: balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. And introduce the financial analysis methods which we will use in the next chapter. The first part is the common size analysis. We will use it to check the financial statement of a company. About common size analysis, it has vertical common size analysis and horizontal common size analysis. We will describe what it means and how we can use it in the company. The second part of financial analysis methods is solvency ratios analysis. Solvency ratios are very important for a company. We also write the definition and formula about pyramidal decomposition and sensitivity analysis. And we will introduce the return on equity, because when we make the sensitivity analysis, we will use it.In chapter 3, we will describe the main financial characteristics of Volkswagen Group. First, we introduce the history and structure of the company, it help us to understand the development of the company. Second part is the financial position. It is the company’s ability in the market. And it can help us to know if Volkswagen Group has financial trouble. At last, we use common size analysis of Volkswagen Group from 2010 to 2014. In chapter 4, we use solvency ratio analysis. We will use debt to assets ratio, debt to equity ratio, interest coverage and financial leverage to find out the solvency of this company. We also will use pyramidal decomposition in this chapter, we decompose debt to equity ratio into 12 parts. And we use sensitivity analysis of Volkswagen Group. It analyzes which factor will effect the indicator when we have different factors and it’s effect degree. When we calculate all the ratios and analysis the methods in this chapter we can know whether the company have financial risks or not and how to manege the company by using these methods.Chapter 5 is conclusion, in this part, we will compare the analysis we made from 2010 to 2014 and summary all of them. All the methods can help us to know the solvency and the development of Volkswagen Group.154 - Katedra financídobř

The treatment practices for anterior urethral strictures in China: A case-based survey

ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment concept of Chinese urologists for anterior urethral strictures based on actual cases.MethodsA self-designed case-based questionnaire was distributed to the members of Official WeChat account of Learning Union from March 19, 2020, to April 10, 2020. Questionnaires requested respondents' demographic information and responses to five cases of anterior urethral stricture: short obliterative bulbar urethral stricture caused by straddle injury (Case 1), idiopathic bulbar urethral stricture after failure of multiple endoscopic therapy (Case 2), iatrogenic long penile urethral stricture (Case 3), lichen sclerosis-related urethral stricture (Case 4), and anterior urethral stricture in indwelling catheter after multiple failure of endoscopic surgery (Case 5). Data was described by frequency and percentage.ResultsA total of 1,267 valid anonymous questionnaires were received. Urethroplasty was recommended more frequently than endoscopic surgery (Case 1: 47.8% vs. 32.8%,Case 2: 42.5% vs. 33.8%, Case 3: 36.1% vs. 26.7%). Referrals patients to other urologists engaged in urethral repair and reconstruction account for a high portion of the treatment (Case 1:18.4%, Case 2:23.1%, Case 3:36.5%, Case 4:27.7%,Case 5:9.3%). Excision and primary anastomosis urethroplasty (EPA) was preferred for treatment of Case 1 (42.5%). For Case 2, the most popular choice was EPA (30.6%). Although the patient has a history of failure in endoscopic surgery, 33.8% of urologists continue to choose endoscopic surgery. For Case 3, 20.0% of urologists would perform oral mucosal urethroplasty. Surprisingly, 5.9% chose EPA. For Case 4, 37.3% of urologists selected meatotomy, 30.4% suggested that glans and urethral biopsies should be performed. 21.0% chose to use steroid ointment after surgery. For Case 5, 26.3% of the respondents believed that urethrography should be performed after removing catheter more than one week, if the urine is obstructed during the period, performing cystostomy firstly.ConclusionsIn China, the concept of urethroplasty is more widely accepted than endoscopic surgery for the treatment of anterior urethral strictures. The concept of referral has been widely formed among Chinese urologists. Better understanding of the comprehensive treatment of lichen sclerosis related anterior urethral stricture and the principle of urethral rest should be strengthened

The association of serum total bile acid with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults: a cross sectional study

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the major cause of chronic liver disease globally. Bile acids (BAs) have emerged as relevant signaling molecules that are associated with NAFLD development. This study was aimed to examine the association of serum total bile acids (TBAs) with NAFLD in a large population of Chinese subjects. Methods This cross sectional study recruited 152,336 participants from the Second Xiangya Hospital, China. NAFLD was diagnosed based on the presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography, without significant alcohol consumption and other known causes for chronic liver disease. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to test for the association of serum TBAs with NAFLD, adjusting for conventional risk factors of NAFLD. Results A total of 27.4% of the participants had NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD had slightly higher TBA levels than those without, 3.4 vs. 3.0 μmol/L (p < 0.001). However, TBA levels were not associated with NAFLD in the multivariate logistic regression model, which adjusted for age, gender and other acknowledged risk factors for NAFLD (OR = 1.00. 95% CI: 1.00–1.00, p = 0.797). Conclusions We found that the serum TBA levels were not associated with NAFLD. Future studies in a large population, focusing on serum BA composition may improve the understating of the role of BAs in NAFLD

Effect of steam reinjection mass flow rate on the SOFC–GT system with steam reinjection

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is regarded as the first choice of high-efficiency and clean power generation technology in the 21st century due to its characteristics of high power generation efficiency and low pollutant emission. In this paper, hydrogen is used as a fuel for SOFCs using the EBSILON platform. A sensitivity analysis of the solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC–GT) system with steam reinjection is carried out to investigate the effect of the steam reinjection mass flow rate on the improvement of the electrical efficiency of the system and on the values of the other parameters. The results show that the variation in the steam reinjection mass flow rate has an effect on other parameters. Changes in several parameters affect the electrical efficiency of the system, which reaches 74.11% at a pressure ratio of 10, SOFC inlet temperature of 783.15 K, turbine back pressure of 70 kPa, and steam reinjection mass flow rate of 6.16 kg/s. Future research can optimize the overall parameter selection of the system in terms of economy and other aspects

Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Parameters of Oxidative Stress, and Lipid Metabolism in Broiler Chickens

Eucommia ulmoides bark has been traditionally used as a Chinese medicine to attenuate stress, but the leaf, which is rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides, has been rarely used. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts (EULEs) on oxidative stress and meat quality of broilers. A total of 252 broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatments and fed with a control basal diet (CON), or a diet containing 250 mg/kg or 1,000 mg/kg of EULE for 51 days. Results showed that dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg EULE increased significantly the average daily gain of broilers in the early stage (1–21 days), while 250 mg/kg or 1,000 mg/kg of EULE decreased the feed conversion ratio in the whole period (P &lt; 0.05). Supplementation of 250 mg/kg EULE reduced the level of MDA in the liver (P &lt; 0.05), while 1,000 mg/kg EULE decreased the serum level of MDA (P &lt; 0.05), and the HDL level in serum was increased by 250 mg/kg or 1,000 mg/kg EULE (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, 250 mg/kg EULE decreased abdominal fat ratio and serum triglyceride (TC) level in broilers, while 250 or 1,000 mg/kg of EULE reduced drip loss in breast muscle (P &lt; 0.05), and 1,000 mg/kg EULE reduced the cooking loss in thigh muscle (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg of EULE could attenuate oxidative stress and improve the growth performance and meat quality in broilers

The application value of LAVA-flex sequences in enhanced MRI scans of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison with T1WI-IDEAL

IntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging scans are critical for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). We aimed to evaluate the application value of LAVA-Flex and T1WI-IDEAL sequences in MRI staging scans.MethodsEighty-four newly diagnosed NPC patients underwent both LAVA-Flex and T1WI-IDEAL sequences during MRI examinations. Two radiologists independently scored the acquisitions of image quality, fat suppression quality, artifacts, vascular and nerve display. The obtained scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. According to the signal intensity (SI) measurements, the uniformity of fat suppression, contrast between tumor lesions and subcutaneous fat tissue, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were compared by the paired t-test.ResultsCompared to the T1WI-IDEAL sequence, LAVA-Flex exhibited fewer artifacts (P&lt;0.05), better visualization of nerves and vessels (P&lt;0.05), and performed superior in the fat contrast ratio of the primary lesion and metastatic lymph nodes (0.80 vs. 0.52, 0.81 vs. 0.56, separately, P&lt;0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in overall image quality, tumor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), muscle SNR, and the detection rate of lesions between the two sequences (P&gt;0.05). T1WI-IDEAL was superior to LAVA-Flex in the evaluation of fat suppression uniformity (P&lt;0.05).DiscussionLAVA-Flex sequence provides satisfactory image quality and better visualization of nerves and vessels for NPC with shorter scanning times