2 research outputs found
COVID-19′s Pandemic Effects on Bike Sharing Systems: A New Reality for Urban Mobility?
On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization made the assessment that a new disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) could be characterized as a pandemic. From that point, a chain reaction of events and difficult decisions requiring action was launched. National governments all over the world announced partial or total quarantine lockdowns in an effort to control the virus’ spreading in order to save as many lives as possible. The effects of the pandemic were multifaceted and transport was not excluded. The current paper examines data regarding the level of usage (provided by the administrator) of bike-sharing systems in three case studies/medium-sized Greek cities (Igoumenitsa, Chania, and Rhodes) and through a statistical analysis identifies if there is a correlation between the implemented measures and the modal choice of the residents. The main results and conclusions of this analysis reveal that the level of usage of these specific bike-sharing systems was significantly increased during the lockdown period compared to the situation before the lockdown and the pandemic in general
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Randomised multicentre effectiveness trial of rapid syndromic testing by panel assay in children presenting to European emergency departments with acute respiratory infections-trial protocol for the ADEQUATE Paediatric trial
Introduction Syndromic panel assays, that is, using one test to simultaneously target multiple pathogens with overlapping signs and symptoms, have been integrated into routine paediatric care over the past decade, mainly for more severely ill and hospitalised patients. Their wider availability and short turnaround times open the possibility to apply them to non-hospitalised patients as well. In this context, it is important to trial how clinicians make use of pathogen detection data and if their early availability influences management decisions, particularly antibiotic use and hospitalisation.
Methods and analysis Advanced Diagnostics for Enhanced QUality of Antibiotic prescription in respiratory Tract infections in Emergency rooms is an individually randomised, controlled, open-label effectiveness trial comparing the impact of a respiratory pathogen panel assay (BIOFIRE Respiratory Panel 2.1plus) used as a rapid syndromic test on nasopharyngeal swabs in addition to the standard of care versus standard of care alone. The trial will 1:1 randomise 520 participants under the age of 18 at 7 paediatric emergency departments in 5 European countries. Inclusion criteria for the trial consist of two sets, with the first describing respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients and the second describing the situation of potential management uncertainty in which test results may immediately affect management decisions. Enrolment started in July 2021 and is expected to be completed in early 2024. We will perform a two-sample t-test assuming a pooled variance estimate to compare the log-transformed mean time on antibiotic treatment (in hours) and number of days alive out of the hospital within 14 days after study enrolment between the control and intervention arms.
Ethics and dissemination The trial protocol and materials were approved by research ethics committees in all participating countries. The respiratory pathogen panel assay is CE marked (assessed to meet European regulations) and FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) cleared for diagnostic use. Participants and caregivers provide informed consent prior to study procedures commencing. The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at national and international conferences. Key messages will also be disseminated via press and social media where appropriate