Evaluation of improvements in the separation of monolayer and multilayer films via measurements in transflection and application of machine learning approaches

Small plastic packaging films make up a quarter of all packaging waste generated annually in Austria. As many plastic packaging films are multilayered to give barrier properties and strength, this fraction is considered hardly recyclable and recovered thermally. Besides, they can not be separated from recyclable monolayer films using near-infrared spectroscopy in material recovery facilities. In this paper, an experimental sensor-based sorting setup is used to demonstrate the effect of adapting a near-infrared sorting rig to enable measurement in transflection. This adaptation effectively circumvents problems caused by low material thickness and improves the sorting success when separating monolayer and multilayer film materials. Additionally, machine learning approaches are discussed to separate monolayer and multilayer materials without requiring the near-infrared sorter to explicitly learn the material fingerprint of each possible combination of layered materials. Last, a fast Fourier transform is shown to reduce destructive interference overlaying the spectral information. Through this, it is possible to automatically find the Fourier component at which to place the filter to regain the most spectral information possible

Genome of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (\u3cem\u3eAnoplophora glabripennis\u3c/em\u3e), a Globally Significant Invasive Species, Reveals Key Functional and Evolutionary Innovations at the Beetle-Plant Interface

Background: Relatively little is known about the genomic basis and evolution of wood-feeding in beetles. We undertook genome sequencing and annotation, gene expression assays, studies of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, and other functional and comparative studies of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, a globally significant invasive species capable of inflicting severe feeding damage on many important tree species. Complementary studies of genes encoding enzymes involved in digestion of woody plant tissues or detoxification of plant allelochemicals were undertaken with the genomes of 14 additional insects, including the newly sequenced emerald ash borer and bull-headed dung beetle. Results: The Asian longhorned beetle genome encodes a uniquely diverse arsenal of enzymes that can degrade the main polysaccharide networks in plant cell walls, detoxify plant allelochemicals, and otherwise facilitate feeding on woody plants. It has the metabolic plasticity needed to feed on diverse plant species, contributing to its highly invasive nature. Large expansions of chemosensory genes involved in the reception of pheromones and plant kairomones are consistent with the complexity of chemical cues it uses to find host plants and mates. Conclusions: Amplification and functional divergence of genes associated with specialized feeding on plants, including genes originally obtained via horizontal gene transfer from fungi and bacteria, contributed to the addition, expansion, and enhancement of the metabolic repertoire of the Asian longhorned beetle, certain other phytophagous beetles, and to a lesser degree, other phytophagous insects. Our results thus begin to establish a genomic basis for the evolutionary success of beetles on plants

Genome of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), a globally significant invasive species, reveals key functional and evolutionary innovations at the beetle–plant interface

Background Relatively little is known about the genomic basis and evolution of wood-feeding in beetles. We undertook genome sequencing and annotation, gene expression assays, studies of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, and other functional and comparative studies of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, a globally significant invasive species capable of inflicting severe feeding damage on many important tree species. Complementary studies of genes encoding enzymes involved in digestion of woody plant tissues or detoxification of plant allelochemicals were undertaken with the genomes of 14 additional insects, including the newly sequenced emerald ash borer and bull-headed dung beetle. Results The Asian longhorned beetle genome encodes a uniquely diverse arsenal of enzymes that can degrade the main polysaccharide networks in plant cell walls, detoxify plant allelochemicals, and otherwise facilitate feeding on woody plants. It has the metabolic plasticity needed to feed on diverse plant species, contributing to its highly invasive nature. Large expansions of chemosensory genes involved in the reception of pheromones and plant kairomones are consistent with the complexity of chemical cues it uses to find host plants and mates. Conclusions Amplification and functional divergence of genes associated with specialized feeding on plants, including genes originally obtained via horizontal gene transfer from fungi and bacteria, contributed to the addition, expansion, and enhancement of the metabolic repertoire of the Asian longhorned beetle, certain other phytophagous beetles, and to a lesser degree, other phytophagous insects. Our results thus begin to establish a genomic basis for the evolutionary success of beetles on plants

Kriegslieder : Gesammelt zur Erholung, für das Artillerie-Camp im Sommer 1811

I. : Vaterlandslied für Schweizerische Kanonier / (Von J.R. Wyß.). II. : ; Trinklied für Artilleristen / (Von G. Kuhn.). III. : ; Trinklied für Kanonier / (Von J.R.W.). IV. : ; Reuter-Lied / (Von Schiller.). V. : ; Kriegslied. VI. : ; Kriegerisches Abendlied / (Von Heß.). VII. : ; Der Seppli und der Joggeli. Ein Zuzügerlied auf Neuenburg 1764 / (Von C. St. Gluz.). VIII. : ; Altes Kriegslied. IX. : ; Altes Kriegslie

Reisen in Ost Afrika in 1859-61. Band III : Abteilung 3 Botanik

3, part

Arbeitsweltbezogene Gesundheitsberichterstattung in Deutschland

In 19 Beiträgen von verschiedenen Akteuren aus den Bereichen Epidemiologie, Public Health, Sozialversicherungen, Gesundheitsberichterstattung und Politik werden Datenquellen, Analyseansätze und Berichtsformen zum Bereich Arbeit und Gesundheit vorgestellt

Tumor specificity and in vivo targeting of an antibody against exon 9 deleted E-cadherin in gastric cancer

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using a monoclonal antibody against exon 9 deleted E-cadherin (E-cad delta 9-1) for immunotherapy of gastric cancer. Methods Among nine human diffuse-type gastric cancer cell lines, we selected a cell line expressing exon 9 deleted E-cadherin (HSC-45M2) by direct sequencing. Tumor specificity and tumor specific in vivo targeting of E-cad delta 9-1 were evaluated in nude mouse bearing a tumor derived from HSC-45M2 cell line by immunohistochemical staining. The expression rate of E-cad delta 9-1 was evaluated in 299 gastric cancer patients, and in positive cases, the mutational status of E-cadherin exon 9 was examined. Results Immunohistochemical staining of various tissues from nude mice showed that only tumor tissue reacted with E-cad delta 9-1. However, immunohistochemical staining of the same tissues after systemic injection of E-cad delta 9-1 showed that reticuloendothelial and hypervascular organs reacted with E-cad delta 9-1, but tumor tissue showed only a slight reaction. Evaluation of the reactivity of 299 gastric cancer patients to E-cad delta 9-1 showed that 4.8% (9/187) of patients, who all had diffuse- or mixed-type gastric cancers, reacted positively, but none of the 112 intestinal-type gastric cancer patients reacted positively. Two of 9 patients (22%) with positive staining to E-cad delta 9-1 were confirmed to have mutant forms of E-cadherin exon 9. Conclusion Considering that E-cad delta 9-1 showed good tumor specificity and that some diffuse-type gastric cancers were immunopositive to it, this antibody could be a candidate therapeutic antibody against gastric cancers that express mutant E-cadherin.This study was supported by grant no. 04-2004- 036 from the Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund