2,920 research outputs found
The Steady-State Transport of Oxygen through Hemoglobin Solutions
The steady-state transport of oxygen through hemoglobin solutions was studied to identify the mechanism of the diffusion augmentation observed at low oxygen tensions. A novel technique employing a platinum-silver oxygen electrode was developed to measure the effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen in steady-state transport. The measurements were made over a wider range of hemoglobin and oxygen concentrations than previously reported. Values of the Brownian motion diffusion coefficient of oxygen in hemoglobin solution were obtained as well as measurements of facilitated transport at low oxygen tensions. Transport rates up to ten times greater than ordinary diffusion rates were found. Predictions of oxygen flux were made assuming that the oxyhemoglobin transport coefficient was equal to the Brownian motion diffusivity which was measured in a separate set of experiments. The close correlation between prediction and experiment indicates that the diffusion of oxyhemoglobin is the mechanism by which steady-state oxygen transport is facilitated
Pioneer Mars 1979 mission options
A preliminary investigation of lower cost Mars missions which perform useful exploration objectives after the Viking/75 mission was conducted. As a study guideline, it was assumed that significant cost savings would be realized by utilizing Pioneer hardware currently being developed for a pair of 1978 Venus missions. This in turn led to the additional constraint of a 1979 launch with the Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle which has been designated for the Pioneer Venus missions. Two concepts, using an orbiter bus platform, were identified which have both good science potential and mission simplicity indicative of lower cost. These are: (1) an aeronomy/geology orbiter, and (2) a remote sensing orbiter with a number of deployable surface penetrometers
On the ill/well-posedness and nonlinear instability of the magneto-geostrophic equations
We consider an active scalar equation that is motivated by a model for
magneto-geostrophic dynamics and the geodynamo. We prove that the non-diffusive
equation is ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard in Sobolev spaces. In contrast,
the critically diffusive equation is well-posed. In this case we give an
example of a steady state that is nonlinearly unstable, and hence produces a
dynamo effect in the sense of an exponentially growing magnetic field.Comment: We have modified the definition of Lipschitz well-posedness, in order
to allow for a possible loss in regularity of the solution ma
Analysis of nuclear waste disposal in space, phase 3. Volume 2: Technical report
The options, reference definitions and/or requirements currently envisioned for the total nuclear waste disposal in space mission are summarized. The waste form evaluation and selection process is documented along with the physical characteristics of the iron nickel-base cermet matrix chosen for disposal of commercial and defense wastes. Safety aspects of radioisotope thermal generators, the general purpose heat source, and the Lewis Research Center concept for space disposal are assessed as well as the on-pad catastrophic accident environments for the uprated space shuttle and the heavy lift launch vehicle. The radionuclides that contribute most to long-term risk of terrestrial disposal were determined and the effects of resuspension of fallout particles from an accidental release of waste material were studied. Health effects are considered. Payload breakup and rescue technology are discussed as well as expected requirements for licensing, supporting research and technology, and safety testing
Analysis of nuclear waste disposal in space, phase 3. Volume 1: Executive summary of technical report
The objectives, approach, assumptions, and limitations of a study of nuclear waste disposal in space are discussed with emphasis on the following: (1) payload characterization; (2) safety assessment; (3) health effects assessment; (4) long-term risk assessment; and (5) program planning support to NASA and DOE. Conclusions are presented for each task
Cohomology for infinitesimal unipotent algebraic and quantum groups
In this paper we study the structure of cohomology spaces for the Frobenius
kernels of unipotent and parabolic algebraic group schemes and of their quantum
analogs. Given a simple algebraic group , a parabolic subgroup , and
its unipotent radical , we determine the ring structure of the cohomology
ring . We also obtain new results on computing
as an -module where is a
simple -module with high weight in the closure of the bottom
-alcove. Finally, we provide generalizations of all our results to the
quantum situation.Comment: 18 pages. Some proofs streamlined over previous version. Additional
details added to some proofs in Section
Emergence of fractal behavior in condensation-driven aggregation
We investigate a model in which an ensemble of chemically identical Brownian
particles are continuously growing by condensation and at the same time undergo
irreversible aggregation whenever two particles come into contact upon
collision. We solved the model exactly by using scaling theory for the case
whereby a particle, say of size , grows by an amount over the
time it takes to collide with another particle of any size. It is shown that
the particle size spectra of such system exhibit transition to dynamic scaling
accompanied by the emergence of fractal of
dimension . One of the remarkable feature of this
model is that it is governed by a non-trivial conservation law, namely, the
moment of is time invariant regardless of the choice of the
initial conditions. The reason why it remains conserved is explained by using a
simple dimensional analysis. We show that the scaling exponents and
are locked with the fractal dimension via a generalized scaling relation
.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Condensation phase transitions of symmetric conserved-mass aggregation model on complex networks
We investigate condensation phase transitions of symmetric conserved-mass
aggregation (SCA) model on random networks (RNs) and scale-free networks (SFNs)
with degree distribution . In SCA model, masses diffuse
with unite rate, and unit mass chips off from mass with rate . The
dynamics conserves total mass density . In the steady state, on RNs and
SFNs with for , we numerically show that SCA
model undergoes the same type condensation transitions as those on regular
lattices. However the critical line depends on network
structures. On SFNs with , the fluid phase of exponential mass
distribution completely disappears and no phase transitions occurs. Instead,
the condensation with exponentially decaying background mass distribution
always takes place for any non-zero density. For the existence of the condensed
phase for at the zero density limit, we investigate one
lamb-lion problem on RNs and SFNs. We numerically show that a lamb survives
indefinitely with finite survival probability on RNs and SFNs with ,
and dies out exponentially on SFNs with . The finite life time
of a lamb on SFNs with ensures the existence of the
condensation at the zero density limit on SFNs with at which
direct numerical simulations are practically impossible. At ,
we numerically confirm that complete condensation takes place for any on RNs. Together with the recent study on SFNs, the complete condensation
always occurs on both RNs and SFNs in zero range process with constant hopping
rate.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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