Comparison of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from infection and colonization in Nigeria, 2010–2011.

<p>Comparison of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from infection and colonization in Nigeria, 2010–2011.</p

Putative livestock-associated MRSA among hospital inpatients and ambulatory patients attending general practitioners and specialists in outpatient care.

1<p>associated MLST clonal complex (CC) for the LI <i>spa</i> types as described in literature.</p>2<p><i>spa</i> types detected in LA-MRSA from German livestock in other studies (number of isolates detected in this study).</p

Distribution of MRSA CC398 in different clinical and screening specimens.

1<p>number of isolates associated with MRSA CC398/all isolates from the respective specimen typed in the respective period of time (%).</p>2<p>first half-year 2012.</p

Additional file 1 of Research article network analysis of polymicrobial chronic wound infections in Masanga, Sierra Leone

Supplementary Material

Minimum spanning tree for Methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> for 34 isolates from refugee patients.

<p>Isolates from refugee patients (yellow circles) from September 2015-September 2016 and similar samples from non-refugee-patients (n = 40, violet circles). Each circle representing a unique allele profile based on 1861 cgMLST target genes in the isolates with the “pairwise ignoring missing values” option turned on in the SeqSphere⁺ software during comparison. The thickness on connecting lines (not to scale) displaying the number of differing alleles between the genotypes. Circles are numbered according to the ascending order of date of collection with one month including 10 numbers on average.</p

Epidemiological data of refugee-patients (n = 56) carrying multidrug-resistant organisms, Münster, Germany September2015-September 2016.

<p>Epidemiological data of refugee-patients (n = 56) carrying multidrug-resistant organisms, Münster, Germany September2015-September 2016.</p

Minimum spanning tree <i>for Klebsiella pneumo</i>nia for three3 isolates from refugee patients.

<p>Isolates from refugee patients (yellow circles) from September 2015-September 2016 and similar samples from non-refugee-patients (n = 1, violet circles). Each circle representing a unique allele profile based on up 3220 cgMLST target genes in the isolates with the “pairwise ignoring missing values” option turned on in the SeqSphere⁺ software during comparison. The thickness on connecting lines (not to scale) displaying the number of differing alleles between the genotypes. Circles are numbered according to the ascending order of date of collection with one month including 10 numbers on average.</p

Characteristics of nasal and cutaneous <i>S. aureus</i> isolates.

1<p><i>spa</i>, staphylococcal protein A gene; <i>spa</i>CC, <i>spa</i> clonal complex inferred by BURP analysis; n, indicates number of isolates with similar identity for all characteristics tested;</p>2<p>MLST, multilocus sequence typing; CC, clonal complex; ST, sequence type;</p>3<p>PVL, Panton-Valentine leukocidin; pos., positive; neg., negative;</p>4<p>PTSAg/ET gene profile, pyrogenic toxin superantigen gene/exfoliative toxin gene profile; -, no PTSAg/ET gene detected;</p>5<p><i>agr</i>, accessory gene regulator type;</p>6<p>MSSA, methicillin-susceptible <i>S. aureus</i>; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>;</p>7<p>ND, not done; NT, not type able.</p

Results of testing 61 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates for staphylococcal PTSAg and ET genes by multiplex PCR.

1<p><i>sea</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene; <i>seb</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene; <i>sec</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin C gene; <i>sed</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin D gene; <i>see</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin E gene; <i>tst</i>, toxin shock toxin gene; <i>seg-sei</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin G and staphylococcal enterotoxin I genes; <i>seh</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin H gene; <i>sej</i>, staphylococcal enterotoxin J gene; <i>eta</i>, exfoliative toxin A gene; <i>etb</i>, exfoliative toxin B gene; <i>etd</i>, exfoliative toxin D gene; <i>luk</i>S-PV and <i>luk</i>F-PV, Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes; <i>hlg</i>, gamma-hemolysin gene.</p

Additional file 1 of Neutralization of the Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin by African and Caucasian sera

Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. S1. Correlation of antibodies against Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) with the neutralizing effect on PVL-induced cell damage. Serum levels of anti-PVL-antibodies are plotted against the amount of undamaged polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from the African or German donor after treatment with 5 nM recombinant PVL in the presence of 0.625% or 2.5% serum from African (blue triangles) or Caucasian (orange circles) participants. Linear regression and correlation analyses of a given population (color-coding) are indicated as the coefficient of determination (R2) and Spearman’s correlation test coefficients (r) with probability (p), respectively