THE EFFECT OF SIZE AND CRUMB RUBBER COMPOSITION AS A FILLER WITH COMPATIBILIZER PP-g-MA IN POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS AND SIR-20 COMPOUND ON MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

Having been researched the development of thermoplastic elastomer material of polypropylene and natural rubber SIR-20 compound with Crumb Rubber as the filler. Reinforced polypropylene with size 60 mesh with 1 mm, and the composition of the Crumb rubber (30, 40, and 50) wt%. Observed mechanical properties are tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young's modulus, tear strength and impact strength. Thermal properties are analyzed by DSC and DTA/TGA. It is acquired that for the size of 60 mesh crumb rubber tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young’s modulus, tear strength and impact strength are bigger than 1mm size. The addition of 60 mesh crumb rubber increases but it decreases by adding of 50 weight%. While for crumb rubber 1 mm tensile strength, fracture elongation, tear strength and impact strength decreas. Based on analysis of DSC that the addition of crumb rubber does not make a difference boiling point significantly between samples containing crumb rubber and polypropylene Analysis TGA/DTA to an increase in enthalpy and decomposition temperature with the addition of crumb rubber used and thermal stability.Keywords: compound SIR-20, crumb rubber, mechanical, polypropylene, PP-g-MA, thermal propertie

The Effect of Rice Husk Ash and Pineapple Leaf Fiber on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete

This study used the cast-in-situ method to make concrete based on rice husk ash and pineapple leaf fiber. Rice husk ash and pineapple leaf fiber were used as the cement substitutes with different variations: 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Parameters examined in this study included density, porosity, water absorption, flexural strength, and compressive strength using a universal testing machine and Material Testing equipment, which were then analyzed morphologically using SEM-EDX. The result showed a density of  2.510 × 103 − 2.451 × 103 kg/m3, porosity of 7.64 – 5.73 %, water absorption of 0.296 % – 0.243 %, compressive strength of 23.66 – 16.45 MPa, flexural Strength of 33.3 – 25.3 MPa. The morphological analysis showed that the rice husk ash and pineapple leaf fiber addition was responsible for the concrete's porous structure in this study has a porous structure. The EDX analysis result exhibited a high carbon percentage

Analysis Mechanics and Thermal Composites Thermoplastic High Density Polyethylene with Zeolite Modification Filler

The purpose of the study to determine the thermal properties and mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with filler natural zeolite modified with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and purification of the calcination process. Composite manufacture begins with a blens of calcined natural zeolites and zeolite synthesis CTAB. Then, the mixing of materials in an internal mixer at a temperature of 150oC laboplastomil for 9 minutes. The results of the internal mixer and molded by hot press and cold press sheets that subsequently result in a dumbell with JIS K 6781 standard mechanical tests, ASTM D 3418-03 analysis thermal. Mechanical analysis results showed values ??of tensile strength and elongation at break of HDPE with the highest composite filler modified zeolite CTAB/PE-g-MA at 24.964 MPa and 398.89 mm. The Young 's modulus of the highest indicated HDPE composites with zeolite filler CTAB was 720.76 MPa. While the results of the thermal analysis shows the value of the highest melting point and decomposition on HDPE composites with zeolite calcined/PE-g-MA at 151.230C and 488.230C. Keywords : Zeolite, HDPE, CTAB, Mechanic, Therma

Natural Zeolite Modification With A Surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (Ctab) As Material To Filler In Polypropylene

Research purposes to determine the characteristics of the modification of natural zeolite (synthesis CTAB) and particle size, microstructure, as well as determine the effect of modification of natural zeolite as filler on the properties of thermoplastic polypropylene thermal and mechanical properties. Composite manufacture begins with a filler material synthesis of natural zeolite with CTAB. Results of modified zeolite is used as filler in polypropylene matrix mixed in an internal mixer with a temperature of 180 0C for 9 minutes at a mixing rate of 50 rpm. Results of the internal mixer is done printing the sample with hot and cold press and the result is a sample of the resulting sheet characterized the mechanical and thermal properties. Results obtained before the modification of natural zeolite particle size 74 µm, after modification with CTAB particle size to 1 µm. Morphology seen the cavities according to the characteristics of natural zeolite. By increasing CTAB zeolite composition on the polypropylene matrix resulted in decreased tensile strength and elongation at break, but Young's modulus increases. From the thermal analysis that the composite lost more than 3 % of its mass under heating to 447.17°C which is considered enough to deduce that it can absorb significant amounts of water. An increase in the decomposition temperature after the addition of modified zeolite with CTAB. Keywords: Zeolite, CTAB, PP, Analysis, mechanical, therma

Preparation Natural Bentonite in Nano Particle Material as Filler Nanocomposite High Density Poliethylene (Hdpe)

The purpose of this study is the preparation of natural bentonite in nano particle material as filler and reinforcement of thermoplastic high density polyethylene (HDPE) that has mechanical properties and good thermal properties and can be used as one component in the automotive industry. The method is performed in the preparation of nano particles is done by purification with HCl solution, calcination at a temperature of 600 0C for 2 hours and the ball mill for 10 hours to get natural bentonite nanometers in size and materials used as a filler thermoplastic HDPE. The results particle size analyzer (PSA) average diameter of the particles 97.5 nm, with the X-rays diffraction (XRD) obtained by means of an average particle size of 49.80 nm and the highest content of EDX analysis on natural bentonite is aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si). with the X-rays diffraction analysis obtained from natural Bentonite is a kind of aluminum silicate mineral and classified types of wyoming (Na-bentonite). The minerals present in the clay consists of a group of minerals crystoballite quartz, mica group minerals from the annite, analcime from feldspar group minerals, and mineral carnegieite of feldspathoid group. The biggest content of samples of clay minerals crystoballite this phase is about 68%, while the result of nano composite (HDPE blend natural bentonite nano particle) with XRD analysis occurs intercalation between nano bentonite with HDPE, thermal analysis were shown enthalpy increased with increasing nano composites bentonite particles, the results of the mechanical properties of nano composite in an increased of the maximum tensile strength on quantity of 2 to 6 wt%, and a decline in the larger quantity of 6 % wt and a decrease in elongation at break with the addition of nano-particles of natural bentonite from SEM analysis HDPE blend with nano bentonite is homogeneous. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Natural Bentonite, HDPE, Mechanic, Therma

Synthesis Of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Of Iron Sand Coprecipitation Method With Polyethylene Glycol 6000

This study aimed to obtain a particle size-based nano Fe3O4 iron sand, determine the effect of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) -6000 to be produced from iron sand in synthetic by using coprecipitation method and the nature of magnetization. Synthetic done by mixing natural sand with HCl as solvent and NH4OH as a precipitant, as templates are added PEG-6000 .. Then, characterized by using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). From the test results (XRD) shows the crystal size Preparation Fe3O4 nanoparticles with PEG 6000 (1: 3), (1: 4), (1: 5) in a sequence that is 14.90 nm, 22:16 nm, 33.11 nm while without PEG 6000 29.08 nm , Vibrating Sample Magnetometer measurement results (VSM) shows that the value of Ms saturation field for without PEG-6000 Fe3O4, Fe3O4 with PEG-6000 (1: 3), (1: 4), (1: 5) respectively 27.9 emu / g, 47.4 emu / g, 35.3 emu / g, 51.7 emu / g and field coercivity (Hc), each for 0,013 Tesla, 0.022 Tesla, Tesla 0.14, 0.009 Tesla. FTIR results showed that there was a shift peaks indicating increased number of PEG. From each sample came the peak of Fe-O owned by Fe3O4 where the wavelength of Fe-O at sample PEG has a lower value than the wavelength Fe3O4 caused the PEG Key words: Nanoparticles Fe3O4, PEG 600, particle size, magnetic properties

The Effect Zeolite Addition in Natural Rubber Polypropylene Composite on Mechanical, Structure, and Thermal Characteristics

This  study  was  conducted  to  determine  the  effect  of  zeolite  as  filler  on  mechanical  properties,  and  thermal  structure  blends  of  natural  rubber  and  polypropylene  (NR/PP).  In  this  study, NR/PP/PP-g-MA  blends  was  filled  uncalcined zeolite and calcined zeolite at different weight percent of the 2, 4, and 6%. Samples were characterized to determine the tensile  strength,  fracture  elongation  and  Young's  modulus.  Structure  of  the  samples  was  investigated  using  XRD method and thermal characteristics were analyzed using DTA/TGA technique. The results obtained for tensile strength showed  a  significant  influence  with  the  addition  zeolite  of  the  NR/PP  blends  at  2%  by  weight  of  the  composition  (8 MPa) and decreased with increasing zeolite composition uncalcined zeolite or calcined zeolite. At 2% to 6% by weight of an increase in Young's modulus, for which uncalcined zeolite function more effectively than the calcined zeolite. On the  other  hand,  the  addition  of  uncalcined  zeolite  and  calcined  zeolite  did  not  result  in  decreased  fracture  elongation. The  XRD  analysis  zeolite  indicate  the  existence  of  amorphous  phase  and  crystalline  mineral  type  mordenite (CaAl2Si10O24.7  H2O).  In  general,  cristality  of  samples  filled  with  calcined  zeolite  slightly  higher  than  the  uncalcined zeolite  at  the  same  amount and  intercalation  occurs  between  the  zeolite  matrix  NR/PP.  Thermal  analysis  showed  that the samples are filled with calcined zeolite has a thermal resistance higher than the uncalcined zeolite, the melting point NR/PP 165.0 °C with the addition of 6 wt% zeolite melting point to 186.7 °CKeywords: mechanical, natural rubber, structure, thermal, zeolit

Processing Durian Skin Into Compost Using Enumeration Machine Technology in Sungai Raya Village

Dairi Regency is the largest durian fruit producer in North Sumatra Province with a production of 23 thousand tons per year. One of the largest durian-producing villages in Dairi Regency is Sungai Raya Village. The estimated volume of durian skin waste produced in North Sumatra is 332,712 tons of durian skin per year, this can be seen from the large amount of durian skin waste that accumulates on the side of the road, in rivers, and farmers' gardens. Given the large volume of durian skin, it takes an effort to process durian skin waste into compost that can be used by farmers and can improve the welfare of farmers. The solution for processing durian skin is to build a community-based processing unit for processing durian skin into community-based compost by involving farmer groups. To carry out efforts to manage durian skin waste, a simple tool is needed that functions as a durian skin chopper as a basic material for compost. From the results of the durian skin counting and the dissemination of fertilizer making, farmer groups and the community have been able to make fertilizer from durian skin so that it can increase the income of the population