Putative effects of neurofilaments released during multiple sclerosis

Lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by inflammation, oligodendrocytes (OL) death and demyelination as well as axon lesions. The remyelination failure associates with persistent axonal alterations [1, 2], and this results in permanent disability for patients. These axon lesions can occur early in the course of the disease [3], but their origin is equivocal. They could result directly from inflammation, or they could be secondary to prolonged demyelination [4]. It is striking that experimentally remyelination alleviates them [5, 6]. [...