Effect of pregnancy at mid gestation on in vivo and whole organ perfusion# renal vascular resistance (RVR), renal flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in absence and presence of NO and sympathetic blockade.

<p>The effect of pregnancy on RVR, renal flow (effects of renal plasma/blood/perfusion flow (RPF/RBF/RPPF) combined) and GFR is presented as percentage mean difference (MD) and its 95% CI. Studies and totals based on Long Evans rats (LER), Munich Wistar rats (MWR), Sprague Dawley rats (SDR) and Wistar Hannover rats (WHR). 1, 2, 3 represents first, second and third part of mid gestation. # Whole organ perfusion experiments, excluded in the “Overall in vivo“ analysis. * Experiments performed under anesthesia. I² represents the amount of heterogeneity. n.a.  =  not applicable.</p

Literature search-strategy for Embase.

<p>Literature search-strategy for Embase.</p

Effect of pregnancy at late gestation on renal artery responses to stimuli involved in vasodilation through the GqEC-coupled pathway in the presence and absence of blockade.

<p>The effect of pregnancy on EC₅₀ (the dose of stimulus inducing 50% response) is depicted as mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). E_max (maximum response) is presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI. Studies and totals based on Sprague Dawley rats (SDR) and guinea pigs (GP). 1, 2, 3 represents first, second and third part of late gestation. I² represents the amount of heterogeneity. n.a.  =  not applicable.</p

Quality assessment of the included studies and subsequent responses.

<p>(1) randomization, (2) blinding of outcome assessor, (3) virgin/nulliparous at entry study, (4) age or weight of animals described, (5) number of used animals clear from methods, (6) fraction of responses with clear number of animals used for statistical analyses (as a percentage of the number of described responses), (7) fraction of responses with dose-response curve containing ≥5 measurements, (8) fraction of responses with accomplished E_max. n.a.  =  not applicable.</p>#<p>data received by email.</p><p>Quality assessment of the included studies and subsequent responses.</p

Effect of pregnancy at mid and late gestation on renal artery responses to stimuli involved in vasoconstriction through the GqSMC-coupled pathway in presence and absence of blockade.

<p>The effect of pregnancy on EC₅₀ (the dose of stimulus inducing 50% response) is depicted as mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). E_max (maximum response) is presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI. Studies and totals based on Long Evans rats (LER), Sprague Dawley rats (SDR), sheep and guinea pigs (GP). 1, 2, 3 represents first, second and third part of mid and late gestation. I² represents the amount of heterogeneity. n.a.  =  not applicable.</p

Effect of mid and late pregnancy on renal artery responses to nitric oxide (NO) and potassium.

<p>The effect of pregnancy on EC₅₀ (the dose of stimulus inducing 50% response) is depicted as mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). E_max (maximum response) is presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI. Studies and totals based on Long Evans rats (LER), Sprague Dawley rats (SDR) and sheep. 1, 2, 3 represents first, second and third part of mid and late gestation. I² represents the amount of heterogeneity. n.a.  =  not applicable.</p

Effect of pregnancy at late gestation on in vivo renal vascular resistance (RVR), renal flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in absence of blockade.

<p>The effect of pregnancy on RVR, renal flow (effects of renal plasma/blood/perfusion flow (RPF/RBF/RPPF) combined) and GFR is presented as percentage mean difference (MD) and its 95% CI. Studies and totals based on Long Evans rats (LER), Munich Wistar rats (MWR), Sprague Dawley rats (SDR), rabbits and sheep. 1, 2, 3 represents first, second and third part of late gestation. * Experiments performed under anesthesia. I² represents the amount of heterogeneity. n.a.  =  not applicable.</p

Summary of renal vascular resistance (RVR), renal flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during pregnancy in Long Evens rats (LER), Munich Wistar rats (MWR) and Sprague Dawley rats (SDR).

<p>Graph design based on data at mid- and late gestation. No data were available on early pregnancy.</p

Characteristics of included studies, arranged by author and year.

<p>WM  =  wire myograph, PM  =  pressure myograph, PPM  =  pressure-perfusion myograph, WOP  =  whole organ perfusion, IV  =  <i>in vivo</i>. n.a.  =  not applicable.</p>#<p>data received by email.</p><p>Characteristics of included studies, arranged by author and year.</p

Flow chart for selection, inclusion and exclusion of studies and responses on renal vascular adaptation to pregnancy.

<p>n =  number of studies; r =  number of responses (gray filling for in vivo and whole organ perfusion experiments, dotted filling for renal artery responses).</p