Corporate cash flow and investment

Corporate profits

Lessons Learned from the CSIS [Centralized Storm Information System] (Appendix D)

Various attempts have been made to give up-to-the-minute meteorological observations to forecasters. However, the meteorologist\u27s inability to assimilate all the real-time data is a significant barrier to the improvement of short-term forecasts and warnings. Historically, failure to resolve this problem has plagued mesoscale forecast experiments. This article discusses the joint effort of NWS, NESS, NASA, and SSEC to develop a system to aid the forecaster in evaluating data

Mathematical modeling the age dependence of Epstein-Barr virus associated infectious mononucleosis

ManuscriptMost people get Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection at young age and are asymptomatic. Primary EBV infection in adolescents and young adults however, often leads to infectious mononucleosis (IM) with symptoms including fever, fatigue, and sore throat that can persist for months. Expansion in the number of CD8+ T cells, especially against EBV lytic proteins, are the main cause of these symptoms. We propose a mathematical model for the regulation of EBV infection within a host to address the dependence of IM on age. This model tracks the number of virus, infected B cell and epithelial cell, and CD8+ T-cell responses to the infection. We use this model to investigate three hypotheses for the high incidence of IM in teenagers and young adults: saliva and antibody eff ects that increase with age, high cross-reactive T-cell responses, and a high initial viral load. The model supports the first two of these hypotheses, and suggests that variation in host antibody responses and the complexity of the pre-existing cross-reactive T cell repertoire, both of which depend on age, may play important roles in the etiology of IM

Mathematical modeling the age dependence of Epstein-Barr virus associated infectious mononucleosis

pre-printMost people get Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection at young age and are asymptomatic. Pri-mary EBV infection in adolescents and young adults however, often leads to infectious mononucleosis (IM) with symptoms including fever, fatigue, and sore throat that can persist for months. Expansion in the number of CD8+ T cells, especially against EBV lytic proteins, are the main cause of these symptoms. We propose a mathematical model for the regulation of EBV infection within a host to address the dependence of IM on age. This model tracks the number of virus, infected B cell and epithelial cell, and CD8+ T-cell responses to the infection. We use this model to investigate three hypotheses for the high incidence of IM in teenagers and young adults: saliva and antibody effects that increase with age, high cross-reactive T-cell responses, and a high initial viral load. The model supports the first two of these hypotheses, and suggests that variation in host antibody responses and the complexity of the pre-existing cross-reactive T cell repertoire, both of which depend on age, may play important roles in the etiology of IM

Alternating host cell tropism shapes the persistence, evolution and coexistence of Epstein-Barr virus infections in human

ManuscriptEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects and can persist in a majority of people worldwide. Within an infected host, EBV targets two major cell types, B cells and epithelial cells, and viruses emerging from one cell type preferentially infect the other. We use mathematical models to understand why EBV infects epithelial cells when B cells serve as a stable refuge for the virus and how switching between infecting each cell type affects virus persistence and shedding. We propose a mathematical model to describe the regulation of EBV infection within a host. This model is used to study the effects of parameter values on optimal viral strategies for transmission, persistence, and intrahost competition. Most often, the optimal strategy to maximize transmission is for viruses to infect epithelial cells, but the optimal strategy for maximizing intrahost competition is for viruses to mainly infect B cells. Applying the results of the within-host model, we derive a model of EBV dynamics in a homogeneous population of hosts that includes superinfection. We use this model to study the conditions necessary for invasion and coexistence of various viral strategies at the population level. When the importance of intrahost competition is weak, we show that coexistence of diff erent strategies is possible

Evolution of crystalline electric field effects, superconductivity, and heavy fermion behavior in the specific heat of Pr(Os1−x_{1-x}Rux_x)4_4Sb12_{12}

Specific heat $C(T)$ measurements were made on single crystals of the superconducting filled skutterudite series Pr(Os$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_4$Sb$_{12}$ down to 0.6 K. Crystalline electric field fits in the normal state produced parameters which were in agreement with previous measurements. Bulk superconductivity was observed for all values of the Ru concentration $x$ with transition temperatures consistent with previous experiments, confirming a minimum in $T_{c}$ at $x=0.6$. The $C(T)$ data below $T_{c}$ appear to be more consistent with power law behavior for $x=0$ (PrOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$), and with exponential behavior for $0.05 \leq x \leq 0.2$. An enhanced electronic specific heat coefficient $\gamma$ was observed for $x \leq 0.4$, further supporting $x \simeq 0.6$ as a critical concentration where the physical properties abruptly change. Significant enhancement of $\Delta C/T_{c}$ above the weak coupling value was only observed for $x=0$ and $x=0.05$.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review B. v2: text added and figures modifie

McCune-Albright syndrome and the extraskeletal manifestations of fibrous dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is sometimes accompanied by extraskeletal manifestations that can include any combination of café-au-lait macules, hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies, such as gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism, growth hormone excess, FGF23-mediated renal phosphate wasting, and/or Cushing syndrome, as well as other less common features. The combination of any of these findings, with or without FD, is known as McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). The broad spectrum of involved tissues and the unpredictable combination of findings owe to the fact that molecular defect is due to dominant activating mutations in the widely expressed signaling protein, Gsα, and the fact these mutations arises sporadically, often times early in development, prior to gastrulation, and can distribute across many or few tissues