1 research outputs found
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan-Mediated Entry Pathway for Charged Tri-Platinum Compounds: Differential Cellular Accumulation Mechanisms for Platinum
We examined the mechanism of accumulation of charged
polynuclear platinum complexes (PPCs) based on analogy of polyarginine
interactions with the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)
family of protein-linked glycosoaminoglycan polysaccharides (GAGs).
GAGS such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) mediate
the cellular entry of many charged molecules. Fluorescence microscopy
and flow cytometry showed that PPCs, but not the neutral cisplatin
or oxaliplatin, blocked the cellular entry of TAMRA-R<sub>9</sub> (a
nonarginine peptide, R<sub>9</sub>) coupled to the TAMRA fluorescent
label 5-(and 6-)carboxytetramethylrhodamine) in Chinese hamster ovary
(CHO), human colon carcinoma (HCT116), and osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cells.
Furthermore, detection of platinum accumulation in wt CHO, mutant
CHO-pgsD-677 (lacking HS), and CHO-pgsA (lacking HS/CS) cells confirms
that HSPG-mediated interactions are an important mechanism for PPC
internalization but not so for uncharged cisplatin and oxaliplatin.
Endocytosis inhibitor studies show that macropinocytosis, a mechanism
of cell entry for heparan sulfate GAGs and arginine-rich peptides,
is important in the cellular accumulation of noncovalent TriplatinNC
and, to a lesser degree, the covalently binding BBR3464. Clathrin-mediated
endocytosis, however, was not involved in either case. Overall, the
results suggest a new proteoglycan-mediated mechanism for cellular
accumulation of PPCs not shared by cisplatin or oxaliplatin. The results
have significant implications for the rational design of platinum
antitumor drugs with distinct biological profiles in comparison to
those of the clinically used agents as well as expanding the chemotypes
for HS proteoglycan-dependent receptors