Follicular Development of Aged Rats Ovarian Injected Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Female reproductive system showing the fastest signs of aging. The ovarian aging characterized by a decrease in follicular development. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells and can form a variety of different cells as the foundation of tissues and organs. Previous studies reported that Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation can restore follicular development in damaged ovarian rats. This study aimed to analyze the number of follicular development in aged rats and to analyze the capability of human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MSCs) to improving follicular development in aged rats. This study used 3 mature rats (4 months old), and 9 nine aged rats (22-24 months old), Spraque Dawley (SD) strain. They were divided into four groups. The first and the second group was mature rats and aged rats without injection. The third and the fourth group was aged rats injected hUC-MSCs dose 106 cells/kgBW and hUC-MSCs dose 107 cells/kgBW. The injection carried out 4 times at 3-month intervals. The parameters observed were follicular development and homing image of hUC-MSCs in ovarian tissue. The results showed that the number of follicular developments in aged rats 22-24 months decreased significantly compared to mature rats 4 months old. Injection of hUC-MSCs at dose 106 cells/kgBW and 107 cells/kgBW did not increase follicular development in aged rats. hUC-MSCs did not found in ovarian tissue. It could be concluded that aged rats 22-24 months old no longer productive indicated from the number of follicular developments and corpus luteum decreased. The injection of hUC-MSCs intravenously did not indicate an improvement of follicular development in aged rats 22-24 months old

Penyuntikan Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells terhadap Perbaikan Fungsi Testis pada Tikus Tua Fisiologis (HUMAN WHARTON’S JELLY MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS INJECTION AMELIORATE TESTICULAR FUNCTION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING MALE RATS)

The most common therapy on men who suffered fertility decline due to aging was called “T Therapy”, but that’s therapy has long-term risks of sexual dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, prostate, and cardiovascular system. Stem cells are an alternative therapy can be used for ameliorate testicular fuction because of their ability to differentiate into various cell types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the injection of hWJ-MSC in physiologic aging male rats on testicular function. This study was used 3 young male rats (8-12 weeks) and 6 physiological aging male rats (22-24 months) which divided into 3 groups, (i) the young rats, (ii) physiological aging male rats, and (iii) physiological aging male rats that injected with hWJ-MSCs. The young rat group did not give any treatment, physiological aging male rats received NaCl (0.9%) 0.4 mL, and the treatment group received 1x106 cells/kg BW of hWJ-MSCs. The observations were performed on the macroscopical and histological analysis. The result indicates that the younger group had the lowest body weight (154.6 g) and the percentage of the testis weight on the body weight was highest (2.2%) compared to the other groups (P>0.05). The physiological aging rats group had the smallest tubule (9726.9 ìm2) with a largest interstitial area (1117.1 ìm2) compared the other groups (P>0.05). After injection of hWJ-MSC, the tubule area became wider followed by narrowing of the interstitial area (P>0.05). The difference in the body weights is due to the different age of the rat. Improvement of tubule area and interstitial area due to the ability of hWJ-MSCs to improve spermatogenic cells within the tubule. Injection of hWJ-MSCs has been shown to increase fertility in aging rats

Effect of Three and Six Months of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: 25(OH)D level is correlated with insulin secretion and tissue sensitivity to insulin. Administration of vitamin D supplements may reduce tissue resistance to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but a number of studies found conflicting results. The present study was to measure the results of administration of vitamin D supplements for 3 and 6 months regarding HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and tissue resistance to insulin in T2DM cases. METHODS: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in T2DM patients with ≤3 years duration. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: 47 subjects received daily 5000 IU vitamin D supplementation and 47 subjects received daily placebo as control. After supplementation for 3 and 6 months, homeostatic model assessment for tissue resistance to insulin (HOMA-IR), insulin, HbA1c, and FBG were examined. RESULTS: Supplementation of daily 5000 IU vitamin D for 3 months increased 25(OH)D level in the vitamin D group from 12.50±5.28 to 43.57±17.14 ng/mL, and after 6 months the 25(OH)D level was 38.38±17.64 ng/mL. Both groups showed significant differences after 3 and 6 months regarding HOMA-IR (p=0.033 and p=0.031), insulin (p=0.034 and p=0.013), but not FBG (p=0.296) and HbA1c (p=0.360). In both groups, HOMA-IR and insulin increased although the increase in the control group was greater than in the vitamin D group. The difference between the control and vitamin D groups was significant. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation for 3 and 6 months may lead to improvement HOMA-IR but not for FBG and HbA1c in the vitamin D group as compared with the control group in T2DM cases. KEYWORDS: vitamin D, T2DM, HbA1c, blood glucose, insulin, tissue resistance to insuli