Number of subjects in whom [¹¹C]d-methamphetamine measures were obtained for the various organs.

<p>Number of subjects in whom [¹¹C]d-methamphetamine measures were obtained for the various organs.</p

Averaged time-activity curves of [¹¹C]d-metamphetamine in the various organs of the body.

<p>Note that the values correspond to the average for all subjects (AA and C) whereas <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015269#pone-0015269-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a> reports separate values for AA and C, which is why they don't exactly match.</p

Uptake and pharmacokinetics of [¹¹C]methamphetamine in the various organs.

<p>Measures correspond to: time to peak concentration (Peak time), time to half-peak clearance averaged across both groups and peak concentration (expressed as % dose per cc) and AUC for the time activity curves for the African Americans (AA) and for the Caucasians (C).</p><p>*Unpaired Student t test (two tail) p<0.05.</p><p><b>^a</b>The plasma value was extrapolated to whole blood assuming a 55% plasma volume.</p><p><b>^b</b>Reflects the total weight of both left and right organs. Note that the total percent of organ accumulation is greater than 100%; this is because the times at which the peak uptake and the clearance occurs differs among the organs. The weight of the organs corresponds to the average weights recorded from male autopsies <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015269#pone.0015269-delaGrandmaison1" target="_blank">[37]</a>; except in brain, which corresponds to weights obtained with MRI³⁸.</p

Whole body images of [¹¹C]d-methamphetamine in an African American (AA) and in a Caucasian (C) who received 7.18 and 6.99 mCi respectively and location of areas where ROI were obtained.

<p>Imaging was started 4 min post injection moving from head to pelvis in 12 minute segments. The images have been decay corrected. Note the higher accumulation of [¹¹C]d-methamphetamine in the lung of the AA than of the C. The hot spot on the abdominal cavity of the Caucasian corresponds to the stomach where [¹¹C]d-methamphetamine accumulation was high but quite variable across subjects (may reflect its acidic environment that favors trapping of methamphetamine, which is a weak base).</p

SPM results for the gender by cues (Neutral > Cocaine-cues) interaction on the “normalized” metabolic images.

<p>Comparison correspond to Females > Males for uncorrected threshold p_u<0.001 cluster >200 voxels. There were no regions where males had larger changes than females.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.

<p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.</p

A. SPM results for the “normalized” metabolic images for Neutral vs Cocaine-cues video conditions in the Females.

<p>Comparison correspond to Neutral > Cocaine-cues for uncorrected threshold p_u<0.001 cluster >200 voxels. There were no regions where metabolism was higher during the Cocaine-cues than the Neutral conditions. <b>B.</b> SPM results for the “normalized” metabolic images for Neutral vs Cocaine-cues video conditions in the Males. Comparison correspond to Neutral > Cocaine-cues for uncorrected threshold p_u<0.005 cluster >200 voxels; we used this lower threshold since there were no significant differences for p_u<0.001. There were no regions where metabolism was higher during the Cocaine-cues than the Neutral conditions.</p

Clusters where the SPM analysis showed significant Cues by Gender interaction (Females > Males) for p_c>0.05, cluster >200 voxels after covarying for gender differences in daily cocaine use.

<p>The clusters show the location of anatomical region including Brodmann Area (BA) and the coordinates in the Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates x (left to right), y (anterior to posterior) and z (top to bottom), and the corresponding statistical measures at the voxel level (T and Z scores) along with the cluster size for number of voxels. Females showed significantly larger changes in regional metabolism (decreases) than males and there were no brain regions where males had larger changes than females. Note that we report on clusters >45 voxels in order to identify the regions within the large cluster that emerged when we used the preset >200 voxels level.</p

Clusters where the SPM analysis done on the normalized metabolic images showed significant changes (Neutral > Cocaine-cues) for the female participants (p_c>0.05, cluster >200 voxels) after covarying for amount of cocaine used (daily use).

<p>The clusters show the location of anatomical region including Brodmann Area (BA) and the coordinates in the Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates x (left to right), y (anterior to posterior) and z (top to bottom), and the corresponding statistical measures at the voxel level (T and Z scores) along with the cluster size for number of voxels. There where no regions where (Neutral < Cocaine-cues). Note that in the males none of the clusters was significant at p_c<0.05.</p

Behavioral data.

<p>Average performance accuracy (A) and reaction times (RT; B) during the drug-word (DW) paradigm for cocaine (N = 20) and control (N = 20) subjects.</p