Biogeography and genetic diversity of the atlantid heteropods.

The atlantid heteropods are regularly encountered, but rarely studied marine planktonic gastropods. Relying on a small (<14 mm), delicate aragonite shell and living in the upper ocean means that, in common with pteropods, atlantids are likely to be affected by imminent ocean changes. Variable shell morphology and widespread distributions indicate that the family is more diverse than the 23 currently known species. Uncovering this diversity is fundamental to determining the distribution of atlantids and to understanding their environmental tolerances. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of all described species of the family Atlantidae using 437 new and 52 previously published cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial DNA (mtCO1) sequences. Specimens and published sequences were gathered from 32 Atlantic Ocean stations, 14 Indian Ocean stations and 21 Pacific Ocean stations between 35°N and 43°S. DNA barcoding and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) proved to be valuable tools for the identification of described atlantid species, and also revealed ten additional distinct clades, suggesting that the diversity within this family has been underestimated. Only two of these clades displayed obvious morphological characteristics, demonstrating that much of the newly discovered diversity is hidden from morphology-based identification techniques. Investigation of six large atlantid collections demonstrated that 61% of previously described (morpho) species have a circumglobal distribution. Of the remaining 39%, two species were restricted to the Atlantic Ocean, five occurred in the Indian and Pacific oceans, one species was only found in the northeast Pacific Ocean, and one occurred only in the Southern Subtropical Convergence Zone. Molecular analysis showed that seven of the species with wide distributions were comprised of two or more clades that occupied distinct oceanographic regions. These distributions may suggest narrower environmental tolerances than the described morphospecies. Results provide an updated biogeography and mtCO1 reference dataset of the Atlantidae that may be used to identify atlantid species and provide a first step in understanding their evolutionary history and accurate distribution, encouraging the inclusion of this family in future plankton research

Revision of the Sundaland species of the genus Dysphaea Selys, 1853 using molecular and morphological methods, with notes on allied species (Odonata: Euphaeidae)

Hämäläinen, Matti, Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. (2015): Revision of the Sundaland species of the genus Dysphaea Selys, 1853 using molecular and morphological methods, with notes on allied species (Odonata: Euphaeidae). Zootaxa 3949 (4): 451-490, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3949.4.

Revision of the genus Devadatta Kirby, 1890 in Borneo based on molecular and morphological methods, with descriptions of four new species (Odonata: Zygoptera: Devadattidae)

Dow, Rory A., Hämäläinen, Matti, Stokvis, Frank R. (2015): Revision of the genus Devadatta Kirby, 1890 in Borneo based on molecular and morphological methods, with descriptions of four new species (Odonata: Zygoptera: Devadattidae). Zootaxa 4033 (3): 301-349, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4033.3.

FIGURE 75 in Revision of the genus Devadatta Kirby, 1890 in Borneo based on molecular and morphological methods, with descriptions of four new species (Odonata: Zygoptera: Devadattidae)

FIGURE 75. Distribution of D. clavicauda. The inset shows the locations, all in Sarawak and Brunei, from which the DNA samples used in the COI gene trees (Figs. 1, 2) originate: COI clade 1—yellow circle; COI clade 2—red triangle; COI clade 3—green square; COI clade 4—black circle

Hanabira yukibana Lau & Stokvis & Imahara & Reimer 2019, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Hanabira yukibana&lt;/i&gt;, sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;Figs. 2, 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Clavulariidae gen. sp. Imahara et al., 2017.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Material examined.&lt;/i&gt; Holotype: NSMT-Co 1626, Takosaki, Iriomote Island (24.327010, 123.738290), 11 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Paratypes from Takosaki, Taketomi Town, Iriomote Island (24.327010, 123.738290): Paratype 1: NSMT-Co 1625, 11 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 2: NSMT-Co 1627, 11 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 3: NSMT-Co 1628, 11 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 4: NSMT-Co 1629, 10 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 5: NSMT-Co 1630, 10 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 6: NSMT-Co 1631, 12.7 m depth, coll. S Kunihiro, 25 July 2017. Paratype 7: NSMT-Co 1632, 14 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 8: NSMT-Co 1633, 12 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 9: NSMT-Co 1634, 13 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 10:NSMT-Co 1635, 11 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017. Paratype 11: NSMT-Co 1636, 13 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Paratype 12: NSMT-Co 1637, Iriomote N, Taketomi Town, Iriomote Island (24.407805, 123.854199), 31 m depth, coll. YWL, 25 July 2017.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Paratypes from Okinawa Island: Paratype 13:NS- MT-Co 1638, Abu, Oura Bay, Nago City (26.537756, 128.079521), 14 m depth, coll.YWL, 04 Jun 2017. Paratype 14: NSMT-Co 1639, Hoshu, Manza, Onna Village (26.504659, 127.846604), 13 m depth, coll. YWL, 24 Jun 2017. Paratype 15: NSMT-Co 1640, Hoshu, Manza, Onna Village (26.504659, 127.846604), 14 m depth, coll. YWL, 24 Jun 2017. Paratype 16: NSMT-Co 1641, Zanpa, Cape Zanpa, Yomitan Village (26.441517, 127.711417), 21 m depth, coll. YWL, 24 Jun 2017. Paratype 17: NSMT-Co 1642, Hedo Dome, Cape Hedo, Kunigami Village (26.852091, 128.250450), 34 m depth, coll. YWL, 11 Jul 2017. Paratype 18: NSMT-Co 1643, Manza Beach, Manza, Onna Village (26.502957, 127.841909), 17 m depth, coll. YWL, 16 Jul 2017. Paratype 19: NSMT-Co 1644, Manza Beach, Manza, Onna Village (26.502957, 127.841909), 17 m depth, coll. YWL, 16 Jul 2017. Paratype 20: NSMT-Co 1645, Manza Rock, Manza, Onna Village (26.504522, 127.843748), 16 m depth, coll. YWL, 12 Sep 2017. Paratype 21: NSMT-Co 1646, Manza Rock, Manza, Onna Village (26.504522, 127.843748), 11 m depth, coll. YWL, 12 Sep 2017. Paratype 22: NSMT-Co 1647, Hoshu, Manza, Onna Village (26.504659, 127.846604), 33 m depth, coll. JDR, 13 Nov 2017. Paratype 23: NSMT-Co 1648, Crossline, Seragaki, Onna Village (26.508734, 127.881453), 32 m depth, coll. JDR, 14 Nov 2017. Paratype 24: NSMT- Co 1649, Mini Dream Hole, Manza, Onna Village (26.509833, 127.854006), 29 m depth, coll. JDR, 14 Nov 2017. Paratype 25: NSMT-Co 1650, Nakagusuku Bay, Nakagusuku Town (26.2627778, 127.825278), 17 m depth, coll. Y Kushida, 04 Aug 2018. Paratype 26: NSMT-Co 1651, Oura SW, near Cape Henoko, Futami, Oura Bay, Nago City (26.529373, 128.047446), ca. 10m depth, coll. M Obuchi &amp; T Fujii, 4 Mar 2011. Paratype 27: NSMT-Co 1652, Motobu, off Yamakawa, Motobu Town (26.679389, 127.879222), 15 m depth, coll. Y Imahara, 27 Oct 2011. Paratype 28: NSMT-Co 1653, Motobu, off Yamakawa, Motobu Town (26.679389, 127.879222), 15 m depth, coll. Y Imahara, 27 Oct 2011.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Description.&lt;/i&gt; The holotype colony is attached to a sponge, which was fragmented into three pieces during sampling, although, this species is not always an epibiont and can be attached to other hard substrates. Small groups of polyps are attached by stolons to the sponge tissue (total ~10 polyps). Polyps are approximately 2&ndash;3 mm in diameter expanded and are spaced apart irregularly (from ~ 0.5 mm up to ~ 2 cm) and connected through flat and ribbon-like stolons that are 1 mm at the widest and 0.2 mm at the narrowest point. Anthocodiae can retract fully into cylindrical to barrel-shaped calyces, which are 1.5&ndash;2.5 mm in height and up to 1 mm in width; calyces do not retract into the stolon. Tentacles have pseudopinnules arranged adjacent to one another along either side of the tentacle rachis (~18 pseudo-pairs); when stained with methylene blue, the outline of the tentacles can be observed. A structure that seems to be the pinnule axis can be seen, although notches, which can distinguish the adjacent pinnules, are not observed in the contour of the tentacle (fig. 2e). In life the tentacles are elliptical to petal-shaped and the polyps have a pale, green-gold and white sheen. This could be caused by refraction on the minute sclerites, as described in Alderslade &amp; McFadden (2007) (fig. 2a). Sclerites of anthocodiae are platelets with a distinct median waist (0.01&ndash;0.02 mm) and small smooth rods (0.1&ndash; 0.2 mm), with the tentacles only having the type of platelets as seen in the anthocodiae (fig. 3b, c). Sclerites of calyces are rods, which are larger than the anthocodial rods, that are prickly and warty (0.2&ndash;0.3 mm) (fig. 3a). Sclerites of the stolon are a tubular network of fused sclerites (fig. 3d, e). The polyps are zooxanthellate.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Morphological variation.&lt;/i&gt; Polyp density in &lt;i&gt;H. yukibana&lt;/i&gt; is variable, as is also the broadness of the stolons (0.1&ndash;1.1 mm). Tentacles are not all elliptical in life; some specimens have a more pointed shape at the distal part of the tentacle. The number of pseudopinnules &lsquo;paired&rsquo; alongside the tentacle rachis varies within a range of 15&ndash;31 &lsquo;pairs&rsquo;. The colour of the polyps is also very variable; in exception of paratypes 15, 16 and 25, all specimens have a clear recognisable sheen. The sheen is thought to be caused by refraction from the platelet sclerites in the tentacles (Alderslade &amp; McFadden, 2007); usually green-gold and/or white. Paratypes 15, 16 and 25 do not lack the minute platelet sclerites but instead have a lower platelet density in the tentacles and only have this typical sheen (white) at the far distal part of their tentacles. Live specimens were overall brown in colour.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Etymology.&lt;/i&gt; From the Japanese language &lsquo;yukibana&rsquo; (ḜAE), meaning &lsquo;snow flower&rsquo;; denoting the resemblance of the sheen of the polyps (including tentacles) to the shimmer of snowflakes or snow crystals.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Habitat.&lt;/i&gt; Colonies encrust hard substrates with their stolons. Common substrates are rock, sponges, coral rubble and shells.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Distribution.&lt;/i&gt; Southwestern Japan, southern Ryukyu Islands, around Okinawa Island and the north and west coasts of Iriomote Island in the East China Sea. Specimens were collected from depths of 10&ndash; 35 m.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Lau, Yee Wah, Stokvis, Frank R., Imahara, Yukimitsu &amp; Reimer, James D., 2019, The stoloniferous octocoral, Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., of the southern Ryukyus has morphological and symbiont variation, pp. 54-77 in Contributions to Zoology 88 (1)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.1163/18759866-20191355, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8355764"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/8355764&lt;/a&gt

Acisoma ascalaphoides Rambur 1842

&lt;i&gt;Acisoma ascalaphoides&lt;/i&gt; Rambur, 1842 &mdash;Littoral Pintail &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 4 F, 5H, 6G, 7E, 8E, 10E)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material.&lt;/b&gt; Madagascar: 3 male, Maroantsetra, Voloina, 30-xii-1971, P. &amp; J. Minet (MNHN); 2 males, Tolagnaro, Mandena, 12-ii-2004 / 19-iii-2004, K. Sch&uuml;tte (RMNH); 4 males, Tolagnaro, Sainte Luce, Akaifira, 02-xii-2006, K. Sch&uuml;tte (ZMUH); 1 male, Tolagnaro, Sainte Luce, S8, forest, marecage, 18-x-2006, K. Sch&uuml;tte (ZMUH); 1 male, Tolagnaro, Sainte Luce, S9, marecage west, 01-iv-2004, P. Razafindraibe (ZMUH); 2 males, Tolagnaro, Mandena, bridge from M15 to M16, 13-x-2006, K. Sch&uuml;tte (ZMUH); 1 male, Tolagnaro, Mandena (Citronelle), 13-x-2006, K. Sch&uuml;tte (ZMUH); 5 males, Tolagnaro, Mandena, 17-iii-2004 / 18-iii-2004 / 19-iii-2004 / 22-iii-2004 / 27-iii-2004, P. Razafindraibe (ZMUH); 1 male, Tolagnaro, Mandena, marecage, 12-ii-2004, K. Sch&uuml;tte (ZMUH).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Male diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; Distinctive species confined to the east coast of Madagascar that appears somewhat intermediate between &lt;i&gt;A. trifidum&lt;/i&gt; and the species formerly treated under &lt;i&gt;A. panorpoides&lt;/i&gt;. Its unique characters are the (1) uniformly brown antefrons, clypeus, labrum and labium (Fig. 4 F, 5H); (2) largely brown thorax with faint and limited paler markings (Fig. 6 G); (3) mostly 2 cells in Fw triangle, although 37% of examined wings with 1 cell; (4) abdomen that narrows most on S5&ndash;6 while S7&ndash;10 are slender (Fig. 7 E); (5) ventrally entirely dark abdomen with extensive dorsal white markings only on S3&ndash;6, which are solid and clean-cut but not confluent across dorsal carina (Fig. 7 E); (6) narrow lobe of hamule with notched tip (Fig. 8 E); and (7) black dorsum of cerci, not largely white (Fig. 7 E). Similar only to &lt;i&gt;A. trifidum&lt;/i&gt; are the (8) more numerous Fw Ax, usually 8&frac12; but occasionally 8 or 9&frac12;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Range and ecology.&lt;/b&gt; Known only from littoral forest fragments at the southern (Tolagnaro, formerly Fort Dauphin) and northern (Voloina) ends of Madagascar&rsquo;s east coast (Fig. 9 B). Only about 10% of the original cover of these forests remains, all in small patches of which only 13% are protected (Consiglio &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2006). The species may occur elsewhere along the coast, but as it seems restricted to this habitat, could well be under threat (Sch&uuml;tte &amp; Razafindraibe 2007). The larvae are possibly adapted to more acidic water than &lt;i&gt;A. attenboroughi&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Mens, Lotte P., Schütte, Kai, Stokvis, Frank R. &amp; Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., 2016, Six, not two, species of Acisoma pintail dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae), pp. 153-172 in Zootaxa 4109 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.3, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/271419"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/271419&lt;/a&gt

Acisoma trifidum Kirby 1889

&lt;i&gt;Acisoma trifidum&lt;/i&gt; Kirby, 1889 &mdash;Pied Pintail &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 4 G, 5I, 6H, 7F, 8F, 10F)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material.&lt;/b&gt; D.R. Congo: 3 males, Orientale, Yaekela, 01/ 02-v-2010, K.-D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH); 1 male, Orientale, 9 km E of Kisangani, Old Buta road, 09-vi-2010, K.-D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH); 1 male, Orientale, East of Isangi, Yandja Rive to Yandja Lac, 06-v-2010, K.-D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH).&mdash; Congo: 2 males, Region de Kouilou, Conkouati National Park, 21/ 22-ii-2010, P. Lambret (RMNH).&mdash; Liberia, 2 males, Mt Tokadeh, 29-ix / 02-x-2010 and 01-i-2011, K.-D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH); 1 male, northern bank Yah (Dayea) River near Gbapa, 05-i-2011, K.-D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH).&mdash; Angola: 1 male, 9 km WNW of U&iacute;ge, Cassanga stream and adjacent swamp, 17-xi-2012, V. Clausnitzer &amp; K.-D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH); 1 male, 8 km SE of Negage, Gilangole stream, 25-xi-2012, K.-D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH).&mdash; Gabon: 1 male, Haut-Ogou&eacute;, Moanda, 24-iv-2009, N. M&eacute;zi&egrave;re &amp; C. Vanappelghem (RMNH); 1 male, Haut-Ogou&eacute;, Plateau d&rsquo;Okouma, Mounana, 01-vii-2009, N. M&eacute;zi&egrave;re (RMNH); 1 male, Moanda, 28-xi-2008, N. M&eacute;zi&egrave;re (RMNH).&mdash; Sierra Leone: 1 male, Eastern Province, Gola forest, 500 m north-east of Vaama, 08-iii-2011, K.- D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH).&mdash; Ghana: 1 male, Central Region, 12 km NW of Cape Coast, Brimsu Dam, 20-iv-2000, K.- D.B. Dijkstra (RMNH).&mdash; Benin: 1 male, 18 ESE of Zogbodom&eacute;, Sous-pr&eacute;fecture de Zogbodom&eacute;, For&ecirc;t de Lokoli, 09-vii-2002, S.L. Tchibozo (RMNH).&mdash; Gambia: 1 male, Brufut-Tanji, 16-xii-1980, M. H&auml;m&auml;l&auml;inen (RMNH).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Male diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; The most distinctive species, confined to the more forested parts of equatorial Africa, with the following unique characters: (1) labrum black, only with two small white spots at base (Fig. 4 G); (2) labium black, only with two large white spots on sides (Fig. 5 I); (3) thorax largely black with limited and fragmented pale markings (Fig. 6 H); (4) mostly 3 cells in Fw triangle, but 43% of examined wings with 2 cells; (5) generally shorter Fw Pt, about 10&ndash;12% as long as Hw; (6) abdomen dorsoventrally rather than laterally compressed, narrowing most visibly in dorsal view and most marked on S7, thus only S8&ndash;10 slender, with S7&ndash;8 of similar and intermediate length as S6 and S9, rather than both distinctly longer (Fig. 7 F); (7) abdomen with solid and clean-cut white markings on S3&ndash;6, largely confluent across dorsal carina on S3&ndash;5, and bold ventral white spots on S4&ndash;5 (Fig. 7 F); (8) lobe of hamule narrow and pointed (Fig. 8 F). Similar only to &lt;i&gt;A. ascalaphoides&lt;/i&gt; are the (9) more numerous Fw Ax, invariably 8&frac12; or 9&frac12;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Range and ecology.&lt;/b&gt; Occurs throughout western and central Africa, from Senegal to Uganda, Rwanda and northern Zambia, favouring more forested ponds than the frequently coexisting &lt;i&gt;A. inflatum&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 9 B).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;high labrum is high; but high high&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;10% in 1 specimen&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Labrum white, with one small white, with one small white, typically with tiny white, with one small all brown (Fig. 4) black spot at base black spot at base black spot loose of base, black spot at base but no spot in 38% and&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;basal black spot in 12%&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &hellip;continued on the next page &hellip;continued on the next page &lt;b&gt;Table 2.&lt;/b&gt; continued&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Species (n=) &lt;i&gt;A. variegatum&lt;/i&gt; (24) &lt;i&gt;A. inflatum&lt;/i&gt; (31) &lt;i&gt;A. panorpoides&lt;/i&gt; (26) &lt;i&gt;A. attenboroughi&lt;/i&gt; (18) &lt;i&gt;A. ascalaphoides&lt;/i&gt; (20) &lt;i&gt;A. trifidum&lt;/i&gt; (20) Lateral carina S5 largely white largely or entirely black, largely or entirely black largely or entirely black entirely black entirely black Fig. 7) but largely white in 3%&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Apical border of white distinctly skewed typically moderately rounded rounded rounded distinctly skewed marking on S6 (Fig. 7) dorsally skewed dorsally or ventrally&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;ventrally, but rounded&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;in 13%&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(Fig. 7) with one large lateral with one large lateral with one large lateral with one large lateral with two small white typically no white spots, white spot white spot white spot white spot spots laterally but small dorsal spot in 10%&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Base of S8 typically with two white always one white spot typically no spots, but in typically one white spot, typically one white typically no spots, but Fig. 7) spots, but in 21% one 31% one or two white but in 33% no spots spot, but in 10% no in 10% one spot&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;or no spots spots spots&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Mens, Lotte P., Schütte, Kai, Stokvis, Frank R. &amp; Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., 2016, Six, not two, species of Acisoma pintail dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae), pp. 153-172 in Zootaxa 4109 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 167-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.3, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/271419"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/271419&lt;/a&gt

Acisoma panorpoides Rambur 1842

&lt;i&gt;Acisoma panorpoides&lt;/i&gt; Rambur, 1842 &mdash;Asian Pintail &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 4 C&ndash;D, 5A&ndash;C, 6D, 7C, 8C, 10C)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material.&lt;/b&gt; Philippines: 1 male, Mindoro, Mt Halcon, Calapan, vi-1991, R. M&uuml;ller (RMNH); 1 male, Homonhon, Eastern Samar, Bitaogan, 12-v-1988, R. M&uuml;ller (RMNH); 1 male, Cebu, Lahug, 19-iii-2001, T. Borromeo (RMNH); 1 male, Dinagat, Surigao del Norte, Loreto, Danao lake, vii-1989, A. Buenafe (RMNH); 2 males, Mindanao, Mt Kalatungan, 06-iii-1996, R.A. M&uuml;ller (RMNH); 1 male, Palawan, Busuanga Island, Coron, Mabentangen River, 04/ 07-v-1991, T. Borromeo (RMNH); 1 male, Visayas, Samar Island, Oras Municipality, 25/ 31-vii-1992, T. Borromeo (RMNH).&mdash; Indonesia: 2 males, Kalimantan, Samarinda, 10-xii-1956, A.M.R. Wegner (RMNH); 1 male, West Java, Bantam, Kasemen, 17-v-1957, A.M.R. Wegner (RMNH); 1 male, Sulawesi, Sidaonta Palu, vi-1937, J.M.A. van Groenendaal (RMNH); 1 male, Pulau Panaitan, 03-vii-1955, collector unknown (RMNH); 1 male, Sumatra, Kuta Cane, Taneh Merah, 23-vi-1972 (RMNH); 1 male, Flores, Mborong, 01-iv-1958, A.M.R. Wegner (RMNH); 1 male, Billiton, Manggar, 18-ii-1936, F.J. Kuiper (RMNH).&mdash;Peninsular Malaysia: 1 male, Pahang, Krau Wildlife Sanctuary, Bukit Rengit, 5/ 8-vi-1997, M. H&auml;m&auml;l&auml;inen (RMNH).&mdash; Thailand: 1 male, Pu Pan NP, Kaengmoddaeng, 18-iv-1996, H. Malicky &amp; P. Chantaramongkol (RMNH); 1 male, Bangkok, Kasetsart, 06/ 08-vi-1984, M. H&auml;m&auml;l&auml;inen (RMNH); 1 male, Chaiyaphum, Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, 09/ 10-vi- 1984, M. H&auml;m&auml;l&auml;inen (RMNH).&mdash; India: 1 male, Uttar Pradesh, Doon Valley, Kulhal barrage on river Ahsan, 13-x- 1986, M. H&auml;m&auml;l&auml;inen (RMNH).&mdash; China: 1 male, Guangxi, 7 km SE Guilin, 10-ix-1985, collector unknown (RMNH); 1 male, Fukien, Bohea Hills, 25-vi-1939, T.C. Maa (RMNH); 2 males, Shanghai, 23-vi-1934 and 04-vi- 1936, E. Suenson (RMNH); 1 male, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 18-vii-1990, J. Silber (RMNH).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Male diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; Only representative of the genus in Asia, typical of the group lumped formerly under &lt;i&gt;A. panorpoides&lt;/i&gt; by the (a) extensively white labrum, labium, thorax and underside of S3&ndash;7; (b) low number of Fw Ax, typically 7 but varies between 6 and 8; (c) 1 cell in Fw triangle, but 2 cells in 6% of examined wings; (d) fairly long Fw Pt, about 11&ndash;14% as long as Hw; (e) abdomen that narrows abruptly on S 5 in lateral view, with S6&ndash;10 slender (Fig. 7 C); (f) fragmented and frayed white markings on S2&ndash;5 and large white lateral spots on S7 (Fig. 7 C); and (g) broad and triangular lobe of hamule (Fig. 8 C). Within this group has the (1) stoutest abdomen, with S6 between 1x and 2x as long as high and a distinct &lsquo;step&rsquo; between the ventral borders of S5 and S6 (Fig. 7 C). Latter recalls &lt;i&gt;A. attenboroughi&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/b&gt; that also only shares the (2) rather slender hook of the hamule (Fig. 8 C); and (3) sublateral black marking concentrated on apical side of S4 (Fig. 7 C); but differs by the (4) totally black ventro-apical carina of S4, although this is partly white in about 15% of cases (Fig. 7 C). Aside from distribution, unique within the genus by the (5) narrow black band across the antefrons, which is only 10&ndash;40% as wide as labrum is high (Fig. 4 C&ndash;D); (6) labrum with no black or only a very small spot that is typically separated from the base (Fig. 4 C&ndash;D); and (7) complete distal Ax in 62% of examined Fw.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Range and ecology.&lt;/b&gt; Common at marshy habitats from the Indian subcontinent to Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Mens, Lotte P., Schütte, Kai, Stokvis, Frank R. &amp; Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., 2016, Six, not two, species of Acisoma pintail dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae), pp. 153-172 in Zootaxa 4109 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 162-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.3, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/271419"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/271419&lt;/a&gt

Acisoma Rambur 1842

Genus &lt;i&gt;Acisoma&lt;/i&gt; Rambur, 1842 &lt;p&gt; With over a thousand species, Libellulidae is the largest family of Anisoptera (Dijkstra &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2013). &lt;i&gt;Acisoma&lt;/i&gt; belongs to the morphologically rather distinctive &lt;i&gt;Erythemis&lt;/i&gt; -group (Pinto 2013), which also has strong molecular support (K.-D.B. Dijkstra unpublished). The group is largely tropical and has most species in the New World genera &lt;i&gt;Erythemis&lt;/i&gt; Hagen, 1861, &lt;i&gt;Rhodopygia&lt;/i&gt; Kirby, 1889, and &lt;i&gt;Carajathemis&lt;/i&gt; Machado, 2012. &lt;i&gt;Acisoma&lt;/i&gt; overlaps with the superficially very different genera &lt;i&gt;Cyanothemis&lt;/i&gt; Ris, 1915, and &lt;i&gt;Porpax&lt;/i&gt; Karsch, 1896, in Africa, &lt;i&gt;Viridithemis&lt;/i&gt; Fraser, 1960, in Madagascar, and &lt;i&gt;Rhodothemis&lt;/i&gt; Ris, 1909, in Asia. All genera have similar secondary genitalia and share the enlarged occipital triangle with rather straight borders, as a result of which the eyes touch at most over a distance less than half the triangle&rsquo;s length. Their coloration is also unusual, frequently including bright white, green or blue pigments that are otherwise rare in the family. These colours are often notably concentrated dorsally, e.g. the African genera have the frons and vertex ventrally black with contrasting dorsal markings.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acisoma&lt;/i&gt; is easily recognised by the combination of its (1) small size, Hw 16&ndash;25 mm; (2) brown to black body with contrasting and fragmented (bluish) white markings; (3) open venation with only 6&ndash;9&frac12; Ax in Fw and normally 1 cell in Fw triangle and 1 cell-row in all radial planates; (4) Hw with at most a small dark patch at their extreme base; (5) strongly swollen abdomen at base, narrowing abruptly between S5 and S7, with slender tip; and (6) S4 with transverse ridge of similar strength as that on S3 and the lateral carina of S4.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Mens, Lotte P., Schütte, Kai, Stokvis, Frank R. &amp; Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., 2016, Six, not two, species of Acisoma pintail dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae), pp. 153-172 in Zootaxa 4109 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.3, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/271419"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/271419&lt;/a&gt

Six, not two, species of Acisoma pintail dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae)

Mens, Lotte P., Schütte, Kai, Stokvis, Frank R., Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B. (2016): Six, not two, species of Acisoma pintail dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae). Zootaxa 4109 (2): 153-172, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.