5,922 research outputs found
Challenges and Opportunities of Layered Cathodes of LiNixMnyCo(1-x-y)O2 for High-Performance Lithium-ion Batteries
High energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely demanded for portable electronic devices and electrical vehicles. Layered-structure LiCoO2 oxide (LCO) has been the most commonly used cathode material in commercial LIBs. Compared to LCO, LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 (NMC) cathodes are particularly attractive due to their reduced cost and higher capacity. Among the NMC cathodes, nickel-containing LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2 (NMC532) is one of the most promising cathode materials undergoing intensive investigation, but suffers from a series of technical issues, such as structural instability, performance fading, and safety issues. In this report, material structure and synthetic methods of LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2, as well as current issues and progresses are introduced
A detectability criterion and data assimilation for non-linear differential equations
In this paper we propose a new sequential data assimilation method for
non-linear ordinary differential equations with compact state space. The method
is designed so that the Lyapunov exponents of the corresponding estimation
error dynamics are negative, i.e. the estimation error decays exponentially
fast. The latter is shown to be the case for generic regular flow maps if and
only if the observation matrix H satisfies detectability conditions: the rank
of H must be at least as great as the number of nonnegative Lyapunov exponents
of the underlying attractor. Numerical experiments illustrate the exponential
convergence of the method and the sharpness of the theory for the case of
Lorenz96 and Burgers equations with incomplete and noisy observations
Neural Modeling and Imaging of the Cortical Interactions Underlying Syllable Production
This paper describes a neural model of speech acquisition and production that accounts for a wide range of acoustic, kinematic, and neuroimaging data concerning the control of speech movements. The model is a neural network whose components correspond to regions of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, including premotor, motor, auditory, and somatosensory cortical areas. Computer simulations of the model verify its ability to account for compensation to lip and jaw perturbations during speech. Specific anatomical locations of the model's components are estimated, and these estimates are used to simulate fMRI experiments of simple syllable production with and without jaw perturbations.National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01 DC02852, RO1 DC01925
How powerful are integer-valued martingales?
In the theory of algorithmic randomness, one of the central notions is that
of computable randomness. An infinite binary sequence X is computably random if
no recursive martingale (strategy) can win an infinite amount of money by
betting on the values of the bits of X. In the classical model, the martingales
considered are real-valued, that is, the bets made by the martingale can be
arbitrary real numbers. In this paper, we investigate a more restricted model,
where only integer-valued martingales are considered, and we study the class of
random sequences induced by this model.Comment: Long version of the CiE 2010 paper
Least-biased correction of extended dynamical systems using observational data
We consider dynamical systems evolving near an equilibrium statistical state
where the interest is in modelling long term behavior that is consistent with
thermodynamic constraints. We adjust the distribution using an
entropy-optimizing formulation that can be computed on-the- fly, making
possible partial corrections using incomplete information, for example measured
data or data computed from a different model (or the same model at a different
scale). We employ a thermostatting technique to sample the target distribution
with the aim of capturing relavant statistical features while introducing mild
dynamical perturbation (thermostats). The method is tested for a point vortex
fluid model on the sphere, and we demonstrate both convergence of equilibrium
quantities and the ability of the formulation to balance stationary and
transient- regime errors.Comment: 27 page
Competition and market structure in local real estate markets
The persistence of the standard six percent real estate sales commission across markets and over time calls into question the competitiveness of the residential real estate brokerage industry. While there is anecdotal evidence that some local real estate markets are fairly concentrated, no systematic study of market structures has been conducted. We have collected primary data on the number and market shares of real estate brokers in a variety of small, medium, and large real estate markets across the U.S. for 2007 and 2009. In addition to these cross sectional data, we have also collected longitudinal data on the size distribution of firms for Louisville, KY for a nine-year period. In our cross-sectional analysis of medium and large markets, we find no evidence that market concentration might create problems for competition. We do find that small markets on average have higher HHI’s than medium and large markets. The longitudinal analysis reveals that many small brokers are in and out of the market, selling a house or two one year and selling zero houses the next year.HHI; real estate brokerage competition; Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
Exploring auditory-motor interactions in normal and disordered speech
Auditory feedback plays an important role in speech motor learning and in the online correction of speech movements. Speakers can detect and correct auditory feedback errors at the segmental and suprasegmental levels during ongoing speech. The frontal brain regions that contribute to these corrective movements have also been shown to be more active during speech in persons who stutter (PWS) compared to fluent speakers. Further, various types of altered auditory feedback can temporarily improve the fluency of PWS, suggesting that atypical auditory-motor interactions during speech may contribute to stuttering disfluencies. To investigate this possibility, we have developed and improved Audapter, a software that enables configurable dynamic perturbation of the spatial and temporal content of the speech auditory signal in real time. Using Audapter, we have measured the compensatory responses of PWS to static and dynamic perturbations of the formant content of auditory feedback and compared these responses with those from matched fluent controls. Our findings indicate deficient utilization of auditory feedback by PWS for short-latency online control of the spatial and temporal parameters of articulation during vowel production and during running speech. These findings provide further evidence that stuttering is associated with aberrant auditory-motor integration during speech.Published versio
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