35,435 research outputs found
Equivelar and d-Covered Triangulations of Surfaces. I
We survey basic properties and bounds for -equivelar and -covered
triangulations of closed surfaces. Included in the survey is a list of the
known sources for -equivelar and -covered triangulations. We identify all
orientable and non-orientable surfaces of Euler characteristic
which admit non-neighborly -equivelar triangulations
with equality in the upper bound
. These
examples give rise to -covered triangulations with equality in the upper
bound . A
generalization of Ringel's cyclic series of neighborly
orientable triangulations to a two-parameter family of cyclic orientable
triangulations , , , is the main result of this
paper. In particular, the two infinite subseries and
, , provide non-neighborly examples with equality for
the upper bound for as well as derived examples with equality for the upper
bound for .Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Endogenous Mechanisms and Nash Equilibrium in Competitive Contracting
We model strategic competition in a market with asymmetric information as a noncooperative game in which each firm competes for the business of a buyer of unknown type by offering the buyer a catalog of products and prices. The timing in our model is Stackelberg: in the first stage, given the distribution of buyer types known to all firms and the deducible, type-dependent best responses of the agent, firms simultaneously and noncooperatively choose their catalog offers. In the second stage the buyer, knowing his type, chooses a single firm and product-price pair from that firm's catalog. By backward induction, this Stackelberg game with asymmetric information reduces to a game over catalogs with payoff indeterminacies. In particular, due to ties within catalogs and/or across catalogs, corresponding to any catalog profile offered by firms there may be multiple possible expected firm payoffs, all consistent with the rational optimizing behavior of the agent for each of his types. The resolution of these indeterminacies depends on the tie-breaking mechanism which emerges in the market. Because each tie-breaking mechanism induces a particular game over catalogs, a reasonable candidate would be a tie-breaking mechanism which supports a Nash equilibrium in the corresponding catalog game. We call such a mechanism an endogenous Nash mechanism. The fundamental question we address in this paper is, does there exist an endogenous Nash mechanism - and therefore, does there exist a Nash equilibrium for the catalog game? We show under fairly mild conditions on primitives that catalog games naturally possess tie-breaking mechanisms which support Nash equilibria.common agency with adverse selection, endogenous contracting mechanisms, discontinuous games, catalog games, existence of Nash equilibrium, competitive contracting
Superfluid Motion of Light
Superfluidity, the ability of a fluid to move without dissipation, is one of
the most spectacular manifestations of the quantum nature of matter. We explore
here the possibility of superfluid motion of light. Controlling the speed of a
light packet with respect to a defect, we demonstrate the presence of
superfluidity and, above a critical velocity, its breakdown through the onset
of a dissipative phase. We describe a possible experimental realization based
on the transverse motion through an array of waveguides. These results open new
perspectives in transport optimization.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Infinite density matrix renormalization group for multicomponent quantum Hall systems
While the simplest quantum Hall plateaus, such as the state in
GaAs, can be conveniently analyzed by assuming only a single active Landau
level participates, for many phases the spin, valley, bilayer, subband, or
higher Landau level indices play an important role. These `multi-component'
problems are difficult to study using exact diagonalization because each
component increases the difficulty exponentially. An important example is the
plateau at , where scattering into higher Landau levels chooses
between the competing non-Abelian Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian states. We address
the methodological issues required to apply the infinite density matrix
renormalization group to quantum Hall systems with multiple components and
long-range Coulomb interactions, greatly extending accessible system sizes. As
an initial application we study the problem of Landau level mixing in the state. Within the approach to Landau level mixing used here, we find
that at the Coulomb point the anti-Pfaffian is preferred over the Pfaffian
state over a range of Landau level mixing up to the experimentally relevant
values.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures. v2 added more data for different amounts of
Landau level mixing at 5/2 fillin
Direct Measurement of Neutron-Star Recoil in the Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant Puppis A
A sequence of three Chandra X-ray Observatory High Resolution Camera images
taken over a span of five years reveals arc-second-scale displacement of RX
J0822-4300, the stellar remnant (presumably a neutron star) near the center of
the Puppis A supernova remnant. We measure its proper motion to be
0.165+/-0.025 arcsec/yr toward the west-southwest. At a distance of 2 kpc, this
corresponds to a transverse space velocity of ~1600 km/s. The space velocity is
consistent with the explosion center inferred from proper motions of the
oxygen-rich optical filaments, and confirms the idea that Puppis A resulted
from an asymmetric explosion accompanied by a kick that imparted roughly
3*10^49 ergs of kinetic energy (some 3 percent of the kinetic energy for a
typical supernova) to the stellar remnant. We discuss constraints on
core-collapse supernova models that have been proposed to explain neutron star
kick velocities
The Enigmatic HH 255
To gain insight into the nature of the peculiar Herbig-Haro object HH 255
(also called Burnham's nebula), we use previously published observations to
derive information about the emission line fluxes as a function of position
within HH 255 and compare them with the well-studied, and relatively
well-behaved bow shock HH 1. There are some qualitative similarities in the
H and [O III] 5007 lines in both objects. However, in contrast to the
expectation of the standard bow shock model, the fluxes of the [O I] 6300, [S
II] 6731, and [N II] 6583 lines are essentially constant along the axis of the
flow, while the electron density decreases, over a large distance within HH
255.
We also explore the possibility that HH 255 represents the emission behind a
standing or quasi-stationary shock. The shock faces upwind, and we suggest,
using theoretical arguments, that it may be associated with the collimation of
the southern outflow from T Tauri. Using a simplified magnetohydrodynamic
simulation to illustrate the basic concept, we demonstrate that the existence
of such a shock at the north edge of HH 255 could indeed explain its unusual
kinematic and ionization properties. Whether or not such a shock can explain
the detailed emission line stratification remains an open question.Comment: Accepted by PASP, 12 pages including 8 figure
CHINESE CONSUMER DEMAND FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. PORK AND POULTRY EXPORTS
This paper examines Chinese consumer preference for major animal products and assesses the potential impacts of a reduction in China's import tariff on its pork and poultry demand and net import. Our analysis suggests that China's demand for animal products will continue to grow as income increases. Using a trade model, results of our scenario analysis indicate that a reduction in China's import tariffs will significantly increase its net pork and poultry imports and the U.S. will capture most of the increases. Nevertheless, the impact on the market price in China and the U.S. is likely to be very small.Almost Ideal Demand System, China, Consumer demand, Demand elasticity, Food demand, Partial equilibrium model, Two-stage budgeting, U.S. meat export, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade,
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