Laggards No More: The Changed Socioeconomic Status of Francophones in Quebec

The economic returns to knowing French in the Quebec labour market have increased steadily since 1970, while the returns to knowing English have decreased. The ability to speak both English and French has increased the earnings of anglophone men since 1980 and anglophone women since 1990, while the returns to bilingualism for francophone men and women remain positive. The health state of the French language in Quebec is also evident in the impressive growth in ownership of Quebec's economy by francophone firms, from 47 percent to 67 percent since the early 1960s.social policy, francophone socioeconomic status

Alien Registration- Vaillancourt, Francois (Madawaska, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35391/thumbnail.jp

Extra Earning Power: The Financial Returns to University Education in Canada

Getting a university degree offers substantial financial returns, for women more so than men and for undergraduate degrees more so than advanced degrees. This report finds that high returns to education signal high labour demand in particular fields relative to supply, information which is helpful for policymakers who distribute funds and for students who must choose their specialty.social policy, university postsecondary education, internal rate of return

The Taxation of Gambling In Africa

The taxation of gambling in Africa as a whole appears to have been the object of little attention. In this paper, we first present the importance of gambling for Africa from a world perspective then disaggregate that within Africa. We then turn to the nature and importance of taxation of gambling, focusing on the major markets identified in the first part of the paper. In the third part we present the available evidence on the incidence of gambling in Africa which is limited to South Africa

Investing in Health Infrastructure: How Decentralization Matters

This paper examines the infrastructure–decentralization nexus in the production of health services with a particular emphasis on the issue of health infrastructure. The first part of the paper presents evidence on health services and infrastructure spending in health for various countries or groups of countries showing the importance of infrastructure spending in the provision of health services. The second part of the paper examines why and how health services are joint production with collective and private characteristics. These characteristics affect the decentralization of such services and thus the decentralization of health infrastructure; it also raises the issue of who should finance what in health care. The third part examines case studies and policy choices in USA, Canada and Switzerland related to various aspects of health care and health infrastructure financing

The Topsy-Turvy Sharing of the Gaming Tax Field in Canada, 1970-2010: Provincial Payments, Federal Withdrawal

This paper presents an unusual inter-governmental financial arrangement: a payment by constituent units of a federation to the federal government to keep it out of a fiscal field and thus gain sole occupancy for themselves. This paper thus presents the history of the federal/provincial relationship in the gaming field in Canada focusing on the key period of 1976-1980 when both levels of governments operated lotteries. It chronicles the attempts of both levels of governments to reach an agreement on their sharing of this revenue field. Revenue sharing was rejected, market slicing was agreed to but since 1980, the provinces have purchased a sole occupancy right through an annual payment to the federal government. It shows, using multivariate analysis, that the presence of Loto-Canada reduced provincial gaming revenues in 1978 and 1979 and thus that the provinces were right to seek sole occupancy of the lottery field. It also shows, using numerical simulations of alternative formulas, that the agreement negotiated is very advantageous for the provinces as it did not take into account either the future growth of the lottery market or the diversification of the gaming market in Canada from 1980 to 2010, let alone both

OPTIMAL CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION TO AN UNCONSTRAINED MULTIPERIOD MEAN-VARIANCE PORTFOLIO PROBLEM

Abstract The present paper offers a closed-form solution to an unconstrained multiperiod mean-variance problem when the investor's portfolio consists of a single stock and bond and where only fairly general conditions are imposed on these assets. As the reader will see, among the advantages of the proposed solution one finds that it is general enough to allow for the incorporation of time dependence in modelling the rate of return, as well as dependence, if one so wishes, on exogenous variables, such as economic factors that might have the property to improve substantially our ability to assess future rate of return. Our proof is basically constructive and our argumentation yields as a corollary a security market line result in a multiperiod capital asset pricing model

Observing the Evolution of the Universe

How did the universe evolve? The fine angular scale (l>1000) temperature and polarization anisotropies in the CMB are a Rosetta stone for understanding the evolution of the universe. Through detailed measurements one may address everything from the physics of the birth of the universe to the history of star formation and the process by which galaxies formed. One may in addition track the evolution of the dark energy and discover the net neutrino mass. We are at the dawn of a new era in which hundreds of square degrees of sky can be mapped with arcminute resolution and sensitivities measured in microKelvin. Acquiring these data requires the use of special purpose telescopes such as the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), located in Chile, and the South Pole Telescope (SPT). These new telescopes are outfitted with a new generation of custom mm-wave kilo-pixel arrays. Additional instruments are in the planning stages.Comment: Science White Paper submitted to the US Astro2010 Decadal Survey. Full list of 177 author available at http://cmbpol.uchicago.ed

Hard to Tax Individuals: Indirect Evidence on Their Importance in Canada, 1951-2001

We begin by discussing what makes it hard to tax some individuals. We then summarize the results of existing US studies on tax evasion, putting the emphasis on the impact of observable and predictable characteristics on the importance of hard to tax individuals (HTTI).We then turn to an examination of the trends in the number and importance (income) of the relevant types of taxpayers in Canada. We do this using a methodology inspired by predictive work done for compliance costs (Blais and Vaillancourt, 1995).These results could be of interest to tax administrators trying to allocate resources across varying regions in a given year or trying to set the proper level of resources to be used for tax compliance work for a given year. Working Paper Number 03-26

Alien Registration- Vaillancourt, Francois (Madawaska, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35391/thumbnail.jp