A Physiotherapy Treatment Plan for Post-COVID-19 Patients That Improves the FEV1, FVC, and 6-Min Walk Values, and Reduces the Sequelae in 12 Sessions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease declared in 2020. The clinical manifestations of this pathology are heterogeneous including fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, headache, fatigue, taste dysfunction, among others. Survivors of COVID-19 have demonstrated several persistent symptoms derived from its multisystemic physiopathology. These symptoms can be fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, dry and productive cough, respiratory insufficiency, and psychoemotional disturbance. To reduce and recover from the post-COVID-19 sequelae is fundamental an early and multifactorial medical treatment. Integral post-COVID-19 physiotherapy is a tool to reduce dyspnea, improve lung capacity, decrease psychoemotional alterations, as well as increase the muscle strength affected by this disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish a novel physiotherapeutic plan for post-COVID-19 patients, evaluating the effect of this treatment in the reduction of the sequelae in terms of lung capacity, cardio-respiratory, and muscular strength improvements. This was a cross-sectional study in which a protocol of 12 sessions in 4 weeks of physiotherapy was implemented in the patients enrolled. We conducted a medical assessment, an interview, a DASS-21 test, a spirometry, a 6-min walk test, and a hand dynamometer test to evaluate the post-COVID condition of patients before and after the sessions. A total of 42 patients participated in the program. Results of this work showed a decrease of around 50% of post-COVID-19 sequelae and an improvement in the psychoemotional status of patients. Also, we observed an increase of 7.16% in the FEV1 value and 7.56% for FVC. In addition, the maximal functional capacity increased by 0.577 METs, the 6-min walk test performance increased by 13%, and the SpO2 improved by 1.40%. Finally, the handgrip strength test showed an improvement in the left hand and right hand of 2.90 and 2.24 Kg, respectively. We developed this study to propose a novel methodology to provide information for a better treatment and management of post-COVID-19 patients

Panorama epidemiológico de la tuberculosis en Aguascalientes

La tuberculosis (Tb) es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más importantes que afecta a la salud pública en todo el mundo. Aproximadamente, un tercio de la población mundial está infectado con Mycobacterium tuberculosis sin sospecharlo, en un estado latente o infección asintomática. En la última década se registraron en el mundo 90 millones de casos nuevos de Tb y se produjeron 30 millones de muertes por esta enfermedad. Para América Latina, los casos nuevos fueron de alrededor de 650 mil por año y 50 mil defunciones.Tuberculosis (Tb) is one of the most important infectious diseases for the public health in the world. Approximately, one third of the world population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, without even know, in a latent way or asymptomatic. In last decade, 90 millions of new cases of Tb were registered, around the world and 30 millions of deaths were caused by this disease. For Latin America, new cases were around 650 thousand a year and 50 thousand deaths

Caracterización de Jales Mineros y evaluación de su peligrosidad con base en su potencial de lixiviación

Se realizó una caracterización de un jal histórico y uno reciente obtenidos en el distrito minero de Guanajuato. Los análisis por ICP y AAS mostraron cantidades importantes de metales presentes en el siguiente orden de concentración: 12,185 mg/kg de Fe, 509 mg/kg de Mn, 53 mg/kg de Zn, 20 mg/kg de Pb y 8 mg/Kg de Cr en el jal reciente y 11,676 mg/kg de Fe, 862 mg/kg de Mn, 53 mg/kg de Zn, 17 mg/kg de Pb y 12 mg/Kg de Cr en el jal histórico. Los análisis mineralógicos mostraron que los jales están constituidos mayoritariamente por cuarzo, calcita, covelita y, en menor proporción magnetita, fierro y zinc; además, muestran una ausencia total de materia orgánica y valores de pH que van de neutros a alcalinos. Las pruebas de lixiviación indican que ninguno de los metales presentes puede lixiviar en porcentajes mayores al 0.4% por lo que no representan un riesgo ambiental en base a este criterio. La estabilidad de los metales presentes en las muestra está relacionada con la naturaleza química de las muestras que les hace que sean poco lixiviables

Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Soils and Sediments of “La Zacatecana” Lagoon, Mexico

Anthropogenic activities have greatly increased heavy metal pollution worldwide. Due to inadequate waste management, mining is one of the chief causes. One particularly affected area in Mexico is the “La Zacatecana” Lagoon, in the municipality of Guadalupe, Zacatecas. From colonial times until the mid-nineteenth century, about 20 million tons of mine tailings were deposited at this site. Here, we catalogue the heavy metal content and their distribution in soils and sediments of La Zacatecana. The mobility of lead in soils was also assayed by sequential extraction. Concentrations of the different metals analysed were as follows: Pb > Cr > As > Ni > Hg > Cd. Site VIII accumulated the highest amount of Pb (3070 mg·kg−1) sevenfold more than the limit established by the Mexican standards for agricultural soils (i.e., 400 mg·kg−1). On the other hand, the contents of Cd, Cr, and Ni were within the levels accepted by the above normativity, set at 37, 280, and 1600 mg·kg−1, respectively. Concentrations of Hg and Pb were highest in the north-northwest zone of the lagoon and decreased towards the southeast. Except for Site VIII where 30% of the Pb was in an interchangeable form or bound to carbonates, most Pb in La Zacatecana soils was present in an unavailable form, associated with Fe-Mn oxides

Estudio comparativo entre las concentraciones de cadmio y de plomo en placentas de embarazos normales y placentas de embarazos con oligoamnios idiopático.

Low weight, preterm delivery and congenital malformations can be produce by cadmium and lead exposition through intrauterine life of the fetus. Some workers had suggested that cadmium and lead could interfere with the nutriments placenta transport. Due a normal placenta function is necessary for amniotic liquid production, the heavy metals presence on placenta tissue can be produce a minor amniotic liquid production. Objective: our aim was to compare cadmium and lead concentrations in the normal pregnancies placenta tissue versus the cadmium and lead concentrations in oligoamnios pregnancies. A Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer with graphite horn was used to quantify the cadmium and lead concentrations. Results: The lead concentration on normal pregnancies placenta was (82.52 ±16 ng/g of dried placenta tissue) versus 202.6 ± 27 ng/ g on the oligoamnios placenta cases. The cadmium concentration on placenta normal tissues was 24.7 ± 4.5 ng/g of dried placenta tissue versus 53.6 ± 7 ng/ g on the oligoamnios placenta tissues. We founded a significant reduction on born weight to the offspring’s of oligoamnios pregnant women group. We do not found significant correlation between cadmium and lead concentrations and age, gender, occupation, tabaquism or site of residence.La exposición al plomo y al cadmio durante la vida intrauterina puede ocasionar en el feto efectos adversos perinatales tales como malformaciones congénitas, partos pretérmino y bajo peso al nacer. Algunos autores han sugerido que el cadmio y el plomo interfieren con algunas funciones placentarias como el transporte de sustancias nutritivas. Dado que el buen funcionamiento placentario es indispensable para la producción del líquido amniótico (LA), la disminución en la cantidad del LA u oligoamnios puede ser resultado de la presencia de los metales pesados en el tejido placentario. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar las concentraciones de plomo y cadmio en el tejido placentario normal y en tejido placentario de embarazos con oligoamnios y correlacionarlos con las condiciones del recién nacido. Utilizando un espectrofotómetro Perkin Elmer con horno de grafito cuantificamos las concentraciones de plomo (Pb) y cadmio (Cd). Nuestros resultados mostraron diferencia significativa entre las concentraciones de Pb y Cd en las muestras de placentas del grupo de oligoamnios comparadas con las del grupo control, (82.52± 16 y de 202.6 ± 27 ng de Pb/ g de tejido seco placentario y de 24.7 ± 4.5 de 53.6 ± 7 ng de Cd/ g de tejido seco placentario, respectivamente). Encontramos también una disminución significativa del peso al nacimiento de los neonatos del grupo de oligoamnios. No encontramos correlación entre los niveles de Pb y Cd y el resto de las variables, como edad, paridad, ocupación, lugar de residencia o tabaquismo

F-Actin Distribution Changes Provoked by Acetaminophen in the Proximal Tubule in Kidney of Adult Male Rat

Abstract Acetaminophen is a drug used to treat many conditions as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothache, and fever between others, but collateral effects of this drug are not well known yet. Here is tested its effect on proximal tubule epithelium. Acetaminophen (APAP) at doses of 200, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/Kg i.p. caused cell damage and changes in F-actin distribution in the proximal tubule of male Wistar rats. After 48 hours of treatment, the proximal tubule epithelium showed tumefaction and necrosis. Dose of 200 mg/kg decreased the F-actin and was observed a structure in patches in the basal cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. This effect was increased depending on the administered dose. Dose of 1000 mg/kg produced the highest histological damage and changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Results of this study suggested that nephrotoxic damage produced by high doses of APAP included breakdown of cytoskeleton in proximal tubule epithelium

Molecular and Antioxidant Characterization of <i>Opuntia robusta</i> Fruit Extract and Its Protective Effect against Diclofenac-Induced Acute Liver Injury in an In Vivo Rat Model

A molecular characterization of the main phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Opuntia robusta (OR) fruit extract was carried out, as well as an evaluation of its hepatoprotective effect against diclofenac (DF)-induced acute liver injury was evaluated. Phenols, flavonoids and betalains were quantified, and antioxidant characterization was performed by means of the ABTS•+, DPPH and FRAP assays. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the main biocompounds present in OR fruit extract was carried out via. In the in vivo model, groups of rats were treated prophylactically with the OR fruit extract, betanin and N-acteylcysteine followed by a single dose of DF. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) and relative gene expression of the inducible antioxidant response (Nrf2, Sod2, Hmox1, Nqo1 and Gclc), cell death (Casp3) and DNA repair (Gadd45a) were analyzed. Western blot analysis was performed to measure protein levels of Nrf2 and immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess caspase-3 activity in the experimental groups. In our study, the OR fruit extract showed strong antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as betalain and phenols. We conclude that OR fruit extract or selected components can be used clinically to support patients with acute liver injury

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data