Whey protein isolate-gelatin nanoparticles enable the water-dispersibility and potentialize the antioxidant activity of quinoa oil (Chenopodium quinoa).

The quinoa oil presents benefits to health, but its low water dispersibility in the aqueous matrix and instability of bioactive compounds is challenging for food application. This study performed the physicochemical and chemical characterization of quinoa oil and evaluated its water dispersibility and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity after nanoencapsulation in porcine gelatin and combination with whey protein isolate by emulsification O/W technique. Thus, three formulations were obtained: 1) OG-containing quinoa oil and porcine gelatin in aqueous phase 2; 2) OWG1-containing quinoa oil, whey protein isolate, and porcine gelatin in aqueous phase 2; and 3) OWG2-containing quinoa oil and whey protein isolate in aqueous phase 1, and porcine gelatin in aqueous phase 2. The oil characterization showed that quinoa oil presented the predominance of linoleic acid (53.4%), and concentration of alpha and gamma-tocopherol, respectively, of 8.56 and 6.28 mg.100g-1. All formulations presented a smooth surface without depression or cracking, an average diameter between 165.77 and 529.70 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated chemical interaction between the encapsulating agents and the oil in all formulations, being more intensified in OWG1 and OWG2. Based on this, these formulations showed higher dispersibility in aqueous solution [68% (3.48) and 71% (2.97)]. This resulted in higher antioxidant activity for OWG1 and OWG2, showing the amounts that reduces antioxidant activity by 50% equal to 5.30 (0.19) mg/mL and 5.54 (0.27) mg/mL, respectively, compared to quinoa oil [13.36 (0.28) mg/mL] (p < 0.05). Thus, quinoa oil nanoencapsulation proved to be an efficient alternative to enable water-dispersibility and enhance antioxidant activity, increasing its potential for application in the food industry

Consumo voluntário e digestibilidade de fenos triturados de gramíneas tropicais em caprinos Intake and apparent digestibility of chopped grass hays fed to goats

Objetivou-se determinar o consumo voluntário e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de fenos triturados de milheto, sorgo sudanense, capim-elefante e cultivares de sorgo forrageiro SF-25 e IPA-467-4-2 em caprinos. Utilizaram-se 25 animais (18 meses de idade e 19,5 kg de PV inicial) distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os consumos de MS (CMS) e MO (CMO), quando expressos em porcentagem de peso vivo (%PV), não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. O CMS representou, respectivamente, 2,41; 2,33; 2,25; 1,82 e 1,85% do PV dos caprinos. Os consumos voluntários de PB (%PV) evidenciaram diferenças significativas para os fenos de milheto e sorgo sudanense, que foram superiores aos de capim-elefante e aos dos sorgos SF-25 e IPA-467-4-2. Os consumos de FDN não diferiram entre os fenos e variaram de 236,14 a 322,10 g/dia, representando 1,25 a 1,61% do PV dos caprinos. A digestibilidade aparente da MS dos fenos não sofreu influência significativa e variou de 49,87 a 55,90%. Para a digestibilidade da PB (DPB), não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os fenos de milheto, sorgo sudanense, capim-elefante e sorgo SF-25. A digestibilidade da FDN (DFDN), no entanto, apresentou variação significativa entre os fenos do milheto (64,44%) e sorgo IPA-467-4-2 (54,72%). Os valores de digestibilidade, indicativos de qualidade, dos fenos triturados das cinco gramíneas foram aproximados e as diferenças requerem a realização de ensaios de desempenho para suas comprovações.<br>The objective of this trial was to investigate intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients on goats fed one of the following chopped grass hays: pearl millet (PMH), sudangrass (SH), elephantgrass (EH) or two cultivars of forage sorghum (FSH1 and FSH2). Twenty-five goats averaging 18 months of age and 19.5 kg of body weight were assigned to a completely randomized block design with five treatments and five replicates. DM intake (DMI), expressed as percentage of body weight (% BW), did not differ and averaged 2.41, 2.33, 2.25, 1.82, and 1.85%, respectively, for PMH, SH, EH, FSH1, and FSH2. The same was observed for the intakes of OM and NDF. However, CP intake as % BW was greater on goats fed PMH and SH than on those fed EH, FSH1, and FSH2. No significant differences were observed for the apparent total tract digestibility of DM that varied from 49.87 to 55.90% across hays. CP digestibility was lowest on FSH2, intermediate on SH and FSH1, and greatest on PMH and EH while that of NDF differed significantly only by comparing PMH (64.44%) with FSH2 (54.72%). It can be concluded that the overall nutritional quality of all five hays were similar and further research is required to verify potential differences in animal performance among these forage sources