CONCENTRATION AND POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY INTAKE OF SMOKED FISH FROM LAGOS LAGOON

This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish products from four fishing communities along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Sixty smoked fish samples obtained from two fish species (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Elops lacerta) which were processed individually with three firewood (Cola nitida, Funtumia elastica and Alchornea cordifolia) were collected from fish processors between October and December, 2018. Samples were subjected to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and human health risk model analysis. The PAH congeners varied in smoked fish while Pyrene was the most dominant congener in all the fish samples, accounting for more than 70% of the total PAHs. The highest total PAHs levels (2431.85 mg kg-1) was observed in E. lacerta smoked with C. nitida. The Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) values for total and carcinogenic PAHs were higher in E. lacerta smoked with C. nitida and C. nigrodigitatus smoked with A. cordifolia, respectively. Carcinogenic Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) values were lower than the estimated Screening Value (SV) of 12.83 indicating low risk of developing cancer through consumption of assessed smoked fish products. Excess Cancer Risk estimated exceeded the permissible limit (1.0x10−6) set by USEPA. Positive correlations (P<0.01) existed between TEQ and total PAHs, noncarcinogenic PAHs, PAH4, and DDI. This study provides insights into the variation in PAHs level and appropriateness of different fuelwood for smoking similar or dissimilar fish species

Water quality in relation to plankton abundance and diversity in river Ogun, Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria

Aims: Plankton abundance and diversity are governed by certain aquatic environmental factors which collectively determine the health of the aquatic ecosystem. This study was aimed at investigating the water quality of lower Ogun River, Abeokuta, in relation to plankton abundance and diversity. Materials and Methods: The dataset consists of physicochemical and plankton data collected for 7 months within the period of December 2011 and June 2012 in four stations. Spatial correlations were determined between physicochemical parameters, plankton abundance, and diversity. Physicochemical parameters that exhibited strong correlation with plankton abundance and diversity were used in the calculation of a water quality index (WQI) for the protection of aquatic life. Results: Results showed highly significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) between plankton abundance, diversity, and the physicochemical parameters monitored during the study period excluding alkalinity and phosphates. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI showed that the river water quality in all the sampled stations (A, 63; B, 63; C, 56; and D, 64) was marginal in classification. Conclusion: It was concluded that River Ogun is polluted beyond doubt. Hence, corrective measures should be put in place so as to prevent total ecological collapse

UPOTREBA SJEMENA FERMENTIRANOG MANGA (Mangifera indica) U HRANIDBI MLAĐI TILAPIJE (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p0,05). Oblik hranidbe riba FMS0 imao je najveći omjer djelotvornih bjelančevina (1,88). Probavljivost bjelančevina smanjila se povećanjem dijetetskog FMS-a, dok se probavljivost ugljikohidrata povećala. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju mogućnost zamjene žutog kukuruza sjemenom fermentiranog manga u hrandibi tilapija do 50% bez da taj oblik hranidbe utječe na rast, iskoristivost nutritivnih sastojaka i probavljivost bjelančevina prilikom hranidbe mlađi tilapije

UPOTREBA SJEMENA FERMENTIRANOG MANGA (Mangifera indica) U HRANIDBI MLAĐI TILAPIJE (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p0,05). Oblik hranidbe riba FMS0 imao je najveći omjer djelotvornih bjelančevina (1,88). Probavljivost bjelančevina smanjila se povećanjem dijetetskog FMS-a, dok se probavljivost ugljikohidrata povećala. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju mogućnost zamjene žutog kukuruza sjemenom fermentiranog manga u hrandibi tilapija do 50% bez da taj oblik hranidbe utječe na rast, iskoristivost nutritivnih sastojaka i probavljivost bjelančevina prilikom hranidbe mlađi tilapije

EVALUATION OF FERMENTED MANGO (Mangifera indica) SEED MEAL IN THE PRACTICAL DIET OF NILE TILAPIA, (Oreochromis niloticus) FINGERLINGS

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p<0.05) as dietary FMS increased, while carbohydrate digestibility gave an inverse relationship. Results obtained show that FMS could replace yellow maize at 50% level without affecting growth, nutrient utilization and apparent protein digestibility in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings