Cu-based wood preservatives retained by the wood specimens (EN113).

<p>Cu-based wood preservatives retained by the wood specimens (EN113).</p

Effect of <i>Trichoderma</i> species, T-685 and T-720, on preventing mass loss from basidiomycetes after 12 weeks incubation on wood.

<p>Different letters indicate significant differences between the <i>Trichoderma</i> treatments and the controls. Shared numbers indicate the subgroups (wood destroying basidiomycete) of the analysis after the Tukey’s HDS test (<i>p</i><0.05). Data represented as mean ± SD of three biological replicates.</p

Lethal effect of <i>Trichoderma</i> strains against Cu-tolerant basidiomycetes.

<p>Data represented as mean of five subsamples from three biological replicates.</p

Fungal strains used in the present study.

<p>Fungal strains used in the present study.</p

Lethal effect of <i>Trichoderma</i> strains against Cu-tolerant basidiomycetes.

<p>Data represented as mean of five subsamples from three biological replicates.</p

Combined effect of <i>Trichoderma</i> species, T-685 and T-720, on preventing mass loss from basidiomycetes after 9 months incubation on Cu-treated wood.

<p>(A) Control—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i>. (B) Control—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i> + <i>T</i>. <i>harzianum</i>. (C) 37.2 kg m^-3 CC—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i>. (D) 37.2 kg m^-3 CC—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i> + <i>T</i>. <i>harzianum</i>. (E) 8.2 kg m^-3 Cr-free 1—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i>. (F) 8.2 kg m^-3 Cr-free 1—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i> + <i>T</i>. <i>harzianum</i>. (G) 15.1 kg m^-3 Cr-free 2—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i>. (H) 15.1 kg m^-3 Cr-free 2—<i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i> + <i>T</i>. <i>harzianum</i>. (Bar 200μm, 10x).</p

Assessment of micronized Cu azole (MCA) formulations, associated mass losses and the role of each active substance for wood protection against <i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i> 45.

<p>CuCO3 = Cu carbonate; TBA = tebuconazole. The MCA_HTBA formulation contains a high amount of TBA (5% w/w), whereas MCA_LTBA contains a low amount of TBA (0.4% w/w). Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation of four repetitions. Shared letters indicate treatments that were not significantly different, different letters denote significant differences in treatments after the Tukey’s HSD test.</p

Scheme of the liquid cultures used.

<p>TTM = ammonium tetrathiomolybdate; MCA = micronized copper azole; CuCO₃ = Cu carbonate; TBA = tebuconazole; CuSO₄ = Cu sulfate.</p

Influence of different forms of Cu on the fungal wet biomass produced by <i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i> 45 in liquid cultures.

<p>TTM = 0.02 mM ammonium tetrathiomolybdate; MCA = 0.02 mM of free Cu²⁺ ions in micronized copper azole; CuCO3 = 0.02 mM Cu carbonate; TBA = 5% w/w tebuconazole; CuSO4 = 0.02 mM Cu sulfate. Data represented as mean ± standard deviation of three repetitions. Shared letters indicate no significant difference in wet biomass production, different letters denote significant differences in wet biomass production after the Tukey’s HSD test.</p

Influence of different concentrations and formulations of micronized copper azole (MCA) on the daily growth rate of <i>A</i>. <i>serialis</i> 43, <i>C</i>. <i>puteana</i> 62, <i>G</i>. <i>trabeum</i> 100, <i>R</i>. <i>placenta</i> 45, and <i>T</i>. <i>versicolor</i> 159.

<p>The MCA_HTBA formulation contains high amount of TBA (5% w/w), whereas MCA_LTBA contains low amount of TBA (0.4% w/w). Data represented as mean ± standard deviation of three repetitions.</p