Demographic characteristics of the study groups of pigs included in the trial

<p>Demographic characteristics of the study groups of pigs included in the trial</p

Generalized linear mixed regression model for changes in the severity score for acute pig tungiasis (SSAPT) calculated using a Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain (MCMC) approach.

<p>Generalized linear mixed regression model for changes in the severity score for acute pig tungiasis (SSAPT) calculated using a Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain (MCMC) approach.</p

Comparison of clinical characteristics of the two groups of pigs at baseline and after intervention.

<p>Comparison of clinical characteristics of the two groups of pigs at baseline and after intervention.</p

Generalized linear mixed regression model for changes in number of viable fleas calculated using a Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain (MCMC) approach.

<p>Generalized linear mixed regression model for changes in number of viable fleas calculated using a Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain (MCMC) approach.</p

Multivariate risk factor analysis for animal tungiasis.

<p>Variables were analyzed by logistic regression and were eliminated stepwise to obtain an optimized model in terms of a minimal AIC value. Data are presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. (A), (B) and (C) show risks factor analysis for the presence of tungiasis in a household in any animal species, pigs and dogs, respectively. *** p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p< 0.05. When confidence intervals were very wide, they were not plotted.</p

Distribution of the number of embedded sand fleas in pigs; pigs with tungiasis of all villages combined.

<p>Distribution of the number of embedded sand fleas in pigs; pigs with tungiasis of all villages combined.</p

Prevalence of human tungiasis in the animal rearing households.

<p>^aThe prevalence of human tungiasis from the additional 57 goat owning households (from Makoma 1 and Masolya) was 48/382 (12.6% CI 9.6–16.3%)</p><p>Prevalence of human tungiasis in the animal rearing households.</p

Age-specific prevalence of human tungiasis.

<p>Data with the same index letter (a, b, c) are not significantly different from each other in a Chi-square test with p values corrected for multiple testing according to the Bonferroni-Holm method.</p

Proportions of households with animal tungiasis (at least one animal) according to host species in the 10 villages.

<p>^aInfected/sampled.</p><p>^bThe numbers exclude additional households selected on the criteria of having at least one goat to avoid bias (see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004126#sec005" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>).</p><p>^cNot applicable.</p><p>Proportions of households with animal tungiasis (at least one animal) according to host species in the 10 villages.</p

Correlation between age of dogs infected with <i>T</i>. <i>penetrans</i> and the number of embedded sand fleas (rho = -0.47, p = 0.039).

<p>Correlation between age of dogs infected with <i>T</i>. <i>penetrans</i> and the number of embedded sand fleas (rho = -0.47, p = 0.039).</p