Psychological type and religious orientation : do introverts and extraverts go to church for different reasons?

This study set out to profile an Anglican congregation in the south of England in terms of religious orientation, assessed by the New Indices of Religious Orientation, and in terms of psychological type, assessed by the Francis Psychological Type Scales, in order to test the hypothesis that motivation for church attendance (religious orientation) is related to personality (psychological type). The data demonstrated that this congregation (N = 65) displayed clear preferences for judging (72%) over perceiving (28%) and for sensing (62%) over intuition (39%), slight preference for extraversion (54%) over introversion (46%) and a fairly close balance between feeling (51%) and thinking (49%), and included attenders who reflected all three religious orientations: intrinsic, extrinsic, and quest. Moreover, extraverts recorded significantly higher scores than introverts on the measure of extrinsic religiosity, while introverts recorded significantly higher scores than extraverts on the measure of intrinsic religiosity, demonstrating a link between psychological type and religious orientation

The marketing context – understanding demand for fish

Poor understanding of the demand for aquatic products has frequently undermined attempts to promote culture-based fish production. Therefore a marketing ‘situation analysis’ should be one of the first tasks undertaken prior to promoting and/or extending such an activity

Potential For Aquaculture In Community-Managed Irrigation Systems of the Dry-Zone, Sri Lanka: Impacts On Livelihoods Of The Poor

Rainfed areas in the Dry-Zone of Sri Lanka are characteristic of extensive marginal agro-ecosystems known as the semi-arid tropics (SAT) populated by poor farming communities. In the Dry-Zone and elsewhere, the traditional response to seasonal water scarcity was to construct rainfall-harvesting devices known as ‘tanks’; created by building earthen dykes across ephemeral streams in undulating terrain. Most are held in common ownership by adjacent communities, who use them for multiple functions including irrigation, bathing and fishing. Storage efficiency is enhanced by arranging tanks in cascading sequence within watersheds so that drainage waters can be re-used. The aim of this study was to evolve improved collective strategies for the management of seasonal water bodies (focussing on aquatic production) in order to reduce the vulnerability of the poorest groups. Understanding of these complex systems requires a holistic approach which integrates hydrological, biological and socio-economic factors on a suitable (watershed) scale. Work commenced with a comprehensive situation analysis, culminating with the formulation of a participatory research agenda for action research based on low-input stocking enhancements. Village livelihoods have traditionally revolved around paddy cultivation as the primary tank function; however, in recent times, water-use strategies have responded to a range of demographic, economic and environmental pressures with implications for the sustainable management of natural resources, especially living aquatic organisms. Natural fish production in the most seasonal tanks relies on intermittent spill-events which link successive tanks; these provide migration routes which permit recruitment of stocks from lower perennial tanks. Rehabilitation initiatives that increase the storage / irrigation capacity of tanks or poorly designed surplus weirs that impede migration have negative impacts on fisheries, though they are rarely considered by planners. The fundamental concept of the purana complex (PC) as the smallest logical sub-component of the watershed for intervention is introduced. Within PC boundaries discrete community groups bound by ties of kinship and caste, control access to private and commonly held natural resources. PCs in the uppermost reaches of watersheds are distinguishable by the highly seasonal nature of their tanks and poor physical infrastructure relative to lower watershed communities. Such areas are also often buffer zones between as yet uninhabited hinterlands and settled areas where cultivation potentials are further restricted due to wild animal incursions. Consequently, these groups exhibit the greatest dependence on exploitation of the natural resource base. This often includes less seasonal tanks in lower PCs where fisheries are of less significance to local livelihoods. Such low-level ‘poaching’ is generally well tolerated, but potential for conflict exists where development efforts restrict hitherto free access to these resources. These findings were the basis for two phases of action research which involved the stocking of ten tanks belonging to seven communities in North West Province (2000-2001). Phase 1 trials encompassed a range of social and physical and settings from lower to upper watershed. Results indicated that the use of costly hatchery-produced seed was unlikely to be sustainable given (1) a background of highly erratic natural production (2) uncertain returns to individual effort and (3) a low priority accorded to fish production from village tanks given the availability of low-cost commercial production from perennial reservoirs. The second phase was restricted to low-caste communities in upper watershed areas and relied entirely on wild-fish stocks captured from perennial reservoirs lower in the watershed. Also emphasis was on intermittent ‘staggered’ harvesting using hook and line gears rather than the single intensive ‘collective harvests’ adopted in phase 1 trials. High yield potentials were demonstrated in the smallest tanks (<4ha) which were devoid of fish stocks during two pervious drought years. Results also indicate that sustainable adoption will be likely only where there is strong social cohesion and representative village leadership. An adaptive learning process which can demonstrate the net benefits of staggered harvesting in seasonal tanks is described. These stocking strategies combined with tank rehabilitation sympathetic to preservation of upstream hydrological linkages, are highly complementary enhancement steps. Results clearly show that together they have potential to maintain the wider aquatic ecosystem on which the poorest groups depend

When Co-management Fails: A Review of Theory and Lessons Learned from Reservoir Fisheries in the Dry-Zone of Sri Lanka

Over recent decades co-management has become an increasingly popular form of governance reform in many developing countries. Viewed as a means of promoting sustainable and equitable management of natural resources, it has seen wide application in small-scale inland fisheries. However, perhaps because of its worthy credentials, there has been insufficient critical assessment of the results. This paper commences with a review of underlying theory which is then used to explore the reasons for failure of a co-management initiative in Sri Lankan reservoir fisheries between 2001 and 2002

The role of the caseworker with the alcoholic at the Washingtonian Hospital.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Chicago in creative literature, 1900-1925

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kansas, English, 1931

Immunomodulation within the head and neck tumour microenvironment

Changes in the immune response have been implicated in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Evidence is emerging that processes within the tumour microenvironment can lead to immune modulation and subsequent tumour growth or metastasis.The hypothesis of this thesis is that the HNSCC tumour microenvironment will have increased levels of cytokines that produce an overall negative effect on the cellular cytotoxic immune response against the malignant cells. Specifically, it is hypothesised that a Th-2-like anti-inflammatory response will favour tumour cell progression and be associated with advanced stage HNSCC.This thesis examines the levels of a panel of immune cytokines to investigate whether difference in these levels have an association with the progression of the disease and other standard clinico-pathological factors. A method of protein extraction from tumour tissue and detection of quantitative cytokine levels was developed and optimised. A cohort of 69 patients newly-presenting with HNSCC was recruited prospectively to the study, with a total of 83 samples of primary HNSCC tumour tissue and metastatic nodal tissue being investigated.Increased levels of TGF-β, described as concentration of cytokine/mg total protein extracted, (median 1051 pg/mg vs. 659 pg/mg, p= 0.004) and reduced levels of IL-17 (median 4.2pg/mg vs. median 18.6 pg/mg, p= 0.009), compared with normal tissue from control patients were reported. The HNSCC samples were also found to have higher levels of VEGF in tumour samples (83 pg/mg vs. 27.6 pg/mg, p=0.026) compared with control tissue. No difference was found in the levels of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, or IL-17. When comparing early stage (I-III) to late stage IV HNSCC patients it was found that there were significantly lower levels of the Th1-like IL-12 in the higher stage IV patients (median 50pg/mg vs. 21 pg/mg, p= 0.01), and significantly higher levels of IL-15 in stage IV patients (median 52 pg/mg, vs. 20 pg/mg p= 0.03).In summary, analysis of cytokine levels within the tumour microenvironment of HNSCC may be of prognostic value, and further study of the immune suppressive nature of HNSCC could open potential therapeutic approaches, especially if such data are correlated with other cellular parameters, e.g. T regulatory or CD8+ve T cell levels

How homonegative is the typical Anglican congregation? : applying the Robbins-Murray Religious Homonegative Orientation Scale (RHOS)

This paper set out to assess and profile attitudes toward homosexuality within one typical Anglican congregation. The majority of attendees (n=65, 42% men and 58% women) completed the Robbins-Murray Religious Homonegative Orientation Scale (an instrument embracing the following views on homosexuality: theological aspects, normativity, moral judgement, legal proscription, and affective response), together with indices concerned with demographic factors, religious factors and personality factors. Overall, the data demonstrated that the majority of churchgoers did not espouse a negative view of homosexuality. More proscriptive attitudes were associated with being male, with being older, with regular attendance, and with being more conservative. Individual differences in personality, however, were not significant predictors of views on homosexuality

Towards a Forensic Accounting Paradigm: A Neo-Empiricist Research Agenda

The aim of the discussion paper is to position neo-empiricism as an appropriate theoretical perspective from which to conduct proposed research on how accountants, practitioners and regulators, make sense of the fraud prevention and detection process. It is argued that such a methodological stance provides a rigorous methodological basis whilst facilitating the flexibility of research questioning necessary for effective forensic accounting research. The paper discusses the nature of forensic accounting research and argues for the need to often adopt an objectivity engagement with our understanding of the social world. From this perspective neo-empiricism is argued as a meaningful alternative to positivism, whilst recognizing through the discussions the theoretical assumptions and limitations this approach makes

A social and economic impact assessment of cockle mortality in the Burry Inlet and Three Rivers cockle fisheries, South Wales UK

First paragraph: Mortalities of larger, more valuable cockle 2 and 3 year-classes have recurred on the Burry Inlet (Loughour) Estuary (BI) since 2002 and on the nearby Three Rivers Estuary (TR) since 2005. The aim of this report is to estimate the economic impact of the mortality on the south Wales cockle industry, related businesses and wider Welsh economy. Stakeholder interviews, direct observation, secondary literature, production and price data supplied by industry and government agencies is used to characterise value-chains, historic livelihood, regulatory and production trends. Lack of intermediate expenditure data (wages, energy rents etc.) prevented estimates of losses on foregone gross value added (GVA) across the Welsh cockle value chain. Analysis was instead focused on estimation of first-sale value losses for whole cockle from the BI using a range of baseline output and price scenarios (lack of historic value data precluded the assessment for the TR). Value-chain analysis indicated that the burden of mortality losses fell most heavily on independent gatherers; whilst processers are able to source much of their raw materials needs from other Welsh, English and European fisheries, gatherer access to other cockle fisheries is much more restricted