Person-years, number of subjects reporting ever having had asthma, and the crude incidence (95%CI) of asthma by sex, age at onset, birth cohort, and period, type of study and presence of hay fever.

<p>Person-years, number of subjects reporting ever having had asthma, and the crude incidence (95%CI) of asthma by sex, age at onset, birth cohort, and period, type of study and presence of hay fever.</p

Age-specific rates of asthma in Italy by period of asthma onset and birth cohort:

<p><b>A)</b> Age-specific rates by year of onset: age at onset on x axis, with rates corresponding to same period connected by lines; <b>B)</b> Age-specific rates by birth cohort: age at onset on x axis, with rates corresponding to same cohorts connected by lines; <b>C)</b> Period-specific rates by age: year of onset on x axis, with rates corresponding to same age groups connected by lines; <b>D)</b> Cohort-specific rates by age: year of birth on x axis, with rates corresponding to same age groups connected by lines.</p

A-C. Estimated effects from the APC model for asthma incidence rates.

<p>Fig 2A represents the age-specific incidence rates, referred to the reference period 1975; Fig 2B represents the merged period and drift effects (rate ratios): the linear increasing trend is given by the drift, while deviations from linearity (curvature) are determined by the period effect; Fig 2C represents the birth cohort effect. The arrow in B indicates the calendar period when the incidence of asthma has begun to level off. The respective regions surrounding the lines provide the 95% confidence intervals.</p

Incidence rate ratios (RR, with 95%CI) of asthma by age in men vs. women.

<p>Incidence rate ratios (RR, with 95%CI) of asthma by age in men vs. women.</p

Number of subjects with asthma and asthma remissions, crude incidence and risk ratios (RR) of asthma remission adjusted by sex, presence of hay fever, age at onset, birth cohort, and time since onset.

<p>CI: confidence interval</p><p>Number of subjects with asthma and asthma remissions, crude incidence and risk ratios (RR) of asthma remission adjusted by sex, presence of hay fever, age at onset, birth cohort, and time since onset.</p

A-C. Estimated effects from the APC models for incidence rates of atopic asthma (green tonalities) and non-atopic asthma (grey tonalities).

<p>Fig 5A represents the age-specific incidence rates, referred to the reference period 1975; Fig 5B represents the merged period and drift effects (rate ratios), with linear increasing trend determined by the drift, and deviations from linearity (curvature) determined by the period effect; Fig 5C represents the birth cohort effect. The arrow in B indicates the calendar period when the incidence of asthma has begun to level off. The respective regions surrounding the lines provide the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Overlapping 95%CI are highlighted with lighter areas.</p

Comparison of age-period color sub-models for asthma rates in males and females and for atopic and non-atopic asthma in Italy.

<p>Age, period and birth cohorts are modelled in 5-years periods. A: age effect; P: period effect; C: cohort effect</p><p>† drift (linear) estimate</p><p>‡ curvature estimate</p><p>Comparison of age-period color sub-models for asthma rates in males and females and for atopic and non-atopic asthma in Italy.</p

A-C. Estimated effects from the APC models for asthma incidence rates in males (blue tonalities) and females (red tonalities).

<p>Fig 3A represents the age-specific incidence rates, referred to the reference period 1975; Fig 3B represents the merged period and drift effects (rate ratios), with linear increasing trend determined by the drift, and deviations from linearity (curvature) determined by the period effect; Fig 3C represents the birth cohort effect. The respective regions surrounding the lines provide the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Overlapping 95%CI are highlighted with lighter areas.</p